People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity(set)
Any Political and party leadership 24 Government and administration 8 Military command 9 Security, intelligence and policing 2 Diplomacy and international organization 3 Economy, finance and planning 2 Industry and production 1 Social movements and organizing 18 Scholarship and theory 2 Literature and arts 2 Religion 2 Law and justice 2
Affiliation

Most people

Any Communist Party of Poland (KPP) 1 Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 1

All 2 affiliations

Poland

Communist Party of Poland (KPP) 1 Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 1
Position
Any Marxism and communism 1
Citizenship(set)
Any Soviet Union 70 United States 67 Russia 47 United Kingdom 30 France 10 Germany 8 China 6 Czechoslovakia 4 Hungary 4 Ukraine 3 Finland 2 Israel 2 Poland 2 Spain 2 Yugoslavia 2 Albania 1 Australia 1 Austria 1 Belarus 1 Bulgaria 1 Canada 1 Cuba 1 East Germany 1 Estonia 1 Ethiopia 1 Guyana 1 Ireland 1 Italy 1 Lithuania 1 Netherlands 1 Portugal 1 Somalia 1 Switzerland 1 Trinidad and Tobago 1
Background
Any Poland 2
Era
Any

People of the wider world

The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 1 Scholars of this history1892–현재 1
Scholarship and theory Citizenship: Poland Clear all

Michał Kalecki

Michał Kalecki
Poland Poland 1899–1970 ○ Natural causes

The Marxist macroeconomist who formalized effective demand before Keynes

Kalecki wrote in his 1943 essay: "'Discipline in the factories' and 'political stability' are more appreciated by the business leaders than are profits. Their class instinct tells them that lasting full employment is unsound from their point of view."

Polish Marxist economist who formalized the principle of effective demand before Keynes. He built a distinctive macroeconomics explaining profits, investment, and income distribution through class analysis, and later returned to socialist Poland to develop the theory of growth under planned economy.

Career timeline
  • 1929–1936Researcher, Institute of Research on Business Cycles and Prices, Warsaw
  • 1933Published 'Próba teorii koniunktury' — formalized effective demand ahead of Keynes
  • 1936–1945Emigrated to England; research at LSE, Cambridge, and Oxford Institute of Statistics
  • 1943Published 'Political Aspects of Full Employment' — predicted capitalist class resistance
  • 1946–1954Deputy Director, UN Economic Department, New York; resigned under McCarthyist pressure
  • 1955–1968Economic advisor to Polish Council of Ministers, deputy chairman of planning commission, professor at Warsaw University
  • 1957Elected member of the Polish Academy of Sciences
  • 1968Resigned in protest against antisemitic purges

Isaac Deutscher

Isaac Deutscher
Communist Party of Poland (KPP) Communism Poland Poland 1907–1967 ○ Natural causes

Marxist historian of Trotsky's definitive biography, who coined the 'non-Jewish Jew'

"I still believe!" — indicting the Cold War and the Vietnam War before thousands of students at the 1965 Berkeley teach-in

Born into a Polish Jewish family, a prodigy in Hasidic scripture who became an atheist in his teens. Joined the Polish Communist Party in 1927; co-founded its first anti-Stalinist group and was expelled in 1932. Exiled to London in 1939. His Stalin: A Political Biography (1949) made him a world authority. Drawing on the Harvard Trotsky Archives, his three-volume life of Trotsky is widely regarded as among the greatest political biographies. A mentor to the 1960s New Left, he died suddenly in Rome in 1967.

Career timeline
  • 1927Joins the illegal Communist Party of Poland (KPP) — editor of underground press
  • 1931Tours the Soviet Union — declines professorships at Moscow and Minsk Universities
  • 1932Co-founds the KPP's first anti-Stalinist group — expelled for opposing the 'social fascism' line
  • 1939Exiled to London — joins The Economist as Soviet and military-affairs correspondent
  • 1946–1947Leaves journalism to write books full-time
  • 1949Publishes Stalin: A Political Biography — becomes a leading authority on Soviet affairs
  • 1954–1963Completes the Trotsky trilogy: The Prophet Armed (1954), Unarmed (1959), Outcast (1963)
  • 1965Speaks at the first Berkeley Vietnam teach-in — emerges as an intellectual mentor of the New Left
  • 1966–1967Delivers the G. M. Trevelyan Lectures at Cambridge — posthumously published as The Unfinished Revolution