People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity
Any Political and party leadership 1 Monarchs and royalty 1 Military command 1
Affiliation

Most people

Any Austria state institutions 1

All 1 affiliations

Austria

Austria state institutions 1
Position
Any Non-Bolshevik socialists 1 Monarchy and royalism 1
Citizenship
Any Austria 2
Background(set)
Any France 21 Germany 9 Russia 9 Austria 2 Belgium 2 United Kingdom 2 United States 2 Bulgaria 1 Cuba 1 Czechia 1 Hungary 1 Ireland 1 Italy 1 Mongolia 1 Poland 1 Serbia 1 Turkey 1
Era(set)
Any

People of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era

The Revolution and the Napoleonic era1774–1830 1

People of the wider world

The age of the Internationals and empires1820–1917 2 The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 4 The Cold War and decolonization1945–현재 1
Background: Austria The age of the Internationals and empires 1820–1917 Clear all

Victor Adler

Victor Adler
Non-Bolshevik socialists Austria Austria 1852–1918 ○ Natural causes

Founder and leader of Austrian Social Democracy who could not stop the war in 1914 and backed it

In January 1918 he urged strikers in Lower Austria and Vienna to return to work. Elected foreign minister by German Austria’s provisional assembly on 30 October, he oversaw the end of hostilities with the Entente and died on 11 November.

Born to a Jewish family in Prague, a physician turned socialist by the misery of Vienna’s workers, he united the Austrian Social Democratic Workers’ Party at the Hainfeld congress of 1889 and led it as a “little International” inside a multinational empire. At the Brussels Bureau meeting of July 1914 he confessed that “the war is already with us” and that his party was powerless, and despite private misgivings backed the government’s war. He became foreign minister of the provisional government in October 1918 but died on 11 November, a day before the republic was proclaimed.

Career timeline
  • 1880sLed efforts to unite the divided factions of Austrian Social Democracy.
  • 1889Founded the socialist newspaper Arbeiter-Zeitung.
  • 1914At the Second International’s emergency meeting, he said the war could no longer be stopped and defended Austria-Hungary’s entry into the war and the party leadership’s pro-war position.
  • 1918Elected foreign minister by German Austria’s provisional National Assembly, he served for eleven days.

Franz Ferdinand

Franz Ferdinand
Austria state institutions Monarchy and royalism Austria Austria 1863–1914 ✕ Assassinated in Sarajevo

Heir presumptive of Austria-Hungary whose assassination in Sarajevo in 1914 was the immediate cause of the First World War

Born in Graz, the eldest son of Archduke Karl Ludwig, the younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph, he became heir presumptive after Crown Prince Rudolf’s suicide in 1889 and his father’s death in 1896. His morganatic marriage to Sophie Chotek was allowed only after he renounced his descendants’ rights to the throne. He exerted great influence over the armed forces and in 1913 became their inspector general. Clericalism, anti-democratic views and anti-Hungarianism were the cornerstones of his politics; he advocated more autonomy for the empire’s Slav peoples, but urged caution towards Serbia for fear of conflict with Russia. On 28 June 1914 he and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, setting off the July Crisis and the war.

Career timeline
  • 1896Heir presumptive of Austria-Hungary
  • 1900Morganatic marriage to Sophie Chotek
  • 1913Inspector general of the armed forces
  • 1914.06.28Assassinated in Sarajevo