CommuLingo
People

People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity

Any Political and party leadership 148 Government and administration 109 Legislature and state representation 35 Monarchs and royalty 9 Military command 164 Security, intelligence and policing 24 Diplomacy and international organization 55 Economy, finance and planning 8 Industry and production 4 Agriculture and land policy 5 Ideology and propaganda 14 Social movements and organizing 64 Scholarship and theory 17 Education 6 Science and technology 5 Literature and arts 11 Religion 6 Law and justice 6

Affiliation

Most people

Any Hungary state institutions 48 Germany state institutions 41 France state institutions 25 Nazi party and regime 23 United Kingdom state institutions 22 United States state institutions 20 Japan state institutions 19 Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 18

All 104 affiliations

Albania

Albania state institutions 2

Austria

Austria state institutions 5

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan state institutions 1

Belarus

Belarus state institutions 4 Belarusian Socialist Hramada 3

Belgium

Belgium state institutions 1

Brazil

Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) 1

Bulgaria

Bulgarian Communist Party (BKP) 2

Chile

Communist Party of Chile 1

China

Communist Party of China 3 ↳ Chinese Communist revolutionary forces (before 1949) 2

Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia state institutions 5 Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party 1

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) 1 Workers' Party of North Korea 1

Estonia

Estonia state institutions 4

Finland

Finland state institutions 13 Social Democratic Party of Finland 6 Communist Party of Finland (SKP) 4 National Progressive Party (Finland) 5

France

France state institutions 25 French Communist Party (PCF) 10 French Workers' Party (POF) 1 General Confederation of Labour (CGT, France) 2 Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP/FTPF) 2 French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 9 Action Française 1

Georgia

Georgia state institutions 2

India

Indian National Congress 1

Indonesia

Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) 2

International organizations

Comintern 14

Israel

Israel state institutions 1

Italy

Italy state institutions 8 Communist Party of Italy / Italian Communist Party (PCdI/PCI) 3 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 6 National Fascist Party (PNF) 3

Japan

Japan state institutions 19 Japanese Communist Party (JCP) 2

Korea

Korean independence movement 1

Latvia

Latvia state institutions 6

Lithuania

Lithuania state institutions 6

Mongolia

Mongolia state institutions 4 Mongolian People's Party / Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party 6

Netherlands

Netherlands state institutions 1

Poland

Poland state institutions 9 Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 1 Communist Party of Poland (KPP) 2 Polish Workers' Party (PPR) 1 Polish People's Party (PSL) 1 Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) 4 Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK) 1 Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 4

Romania

Romania state institutions 7

Russia

Russian Empire state institutions 4 Russian White movement 4 Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 6 Mensheviks (RSDLP) 2 Russian Provisional Government state institutions 1 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 7

South Africa

South Africa state institutions 2

South Korea

Communist Party of Korea 1

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 18 ↳ Left Opposition 1 Soviet Union state institutions 9

Spain

Spain state institutions 1 Spanish Republic state institutions 8 Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 5 Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) 2 Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) 1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 4

Switzerland

Switzerland state institutions 1

Turkey

Turkey state institutions 6

Ukraine

Ukrainian People's Republic state institutions 4 Ukrainian State (Hetmanate) state institutions 2 ↳ Soviet Ukraine state institutions 1 Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (Makhnovists) 2

United Kingdom

United Kingdom state institutions 22 Labour Party (United Kingdom) 3 Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) 4 Conservative Party (United Kingdom) 4

United States

United States state institutions 20 Socialist Workers Party (United States) 2 Communist Party USA (CPUSA) 7 American Relief Administration (ARA) 1 Democratic Party (United States) 4 Republican Party (United States) 2 Socialist Party of America 5

Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia state institutions 6 Communist Party / League of Communists of Yugoslavia (KPJ/SKJ) 4

Position

Any Imperial establishment and White movement 1 Counter-revolutionary forces 114 Left critics of Bolshevism 7 Anarchists 8 Non-Bolshevik socialists 46 Fascists and Nazis 38 National liberation and anti-colonial movements 10 Western Marxist theorists 8 Marxism and communism 94 Revolutionary socialism 1 Liberalism and republicanism 18 Conservatism and Christian democracy 15 Monarchy and royalism 15 Agrarianism and peasant parties 3 Nationalism 29

Citizenship

Any Germany 78 Hungary 55 France 45 United States 32 United Kingdom 31 Japan 22 Finland 18 Spain 16 Soviet Union 15 Italy 13 Poland 13 Greece 11 Russia 9 Yugoslavia 9 Romania 8 Estonia 6 Latvia 6 Lithuania 6 Turkey 6 Czechoslovakia 5 Mongolia 5 Ukraine 5 Austria 4 Belarus 4 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 4 Switzerland 3 Uzbekistan 3 Albania 2 Armenia 2 Bulgaria 2 Georgia 2 Korea 2 Netherlands 2 South Africa 2 Azerbaijan 1 Belgium 1 Brazil 1 Chile 1 Cuba 1 Egypt 1 El Salvador 1 India 1 Indonesia 1 Iran 1 Nicaragua 1 Peru 1 Sweden 1 Trinidad and Tobago 1

Background

Any Germany 74 Hungary 48 France 44 United States 32 United Kingdom 26 Japan 22 Finland 21 Poland 16 Spain 16 Italy 13 Greece 11 Russia 11 Ukraine 8 Estonia 7 Latvia 7 Lithuania 7 Belarus 6 Mongolia 5 Romania 5 Austria 4 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 4 Moldova 4 Serbia 4 Turkey 4 Georgia 3 Korea 3 South Africa 3 Switzerland 3 Albania 2 Armenia 2 Bulgaria 2 Croatia 2 Czechia 2 Czechoslovakia 2 India 2 Montenegro 2 Netherlands 2 Uzbekistan 2 Azerbaijan 1 Belgium 1 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Brazil 1 Chile 1 Cuba 1 Egypt 1 El Salvador 1 Indonesia 1 Iran 1 Ireland 1 New Zealand 1 Nicaragua 1 Palestine 1 Peru 1 Sweden 1 Trinidad and Tobago 1 Turkmenistan 1

Era(set)

Any

People of the Soviet Union

The old regime and its challengers1905–1917 147 The revolutionary generation1917–1940 280 People of the Stalin era1929–1953 459 People of the thaw and the stagnation1953–1985 397 The last generation1985–1991 220

People of the Chinese revolution and the People’s Republic

The old regime and the Nationalists1894–1949 9 The Chinese revolutionary generation1911–1949 20 People of the Mao era1949–1976 25 The reform generation1976–현재 12

People of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era

The Revolution and the Napoleonic era1774–1830 53

People of the wider world

The age of the Internationals and empires1820–1917 57 The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 461 The Cold War and decolonization1945–현재 385 Scholars of this history1892–현재 155

The revolutionary wave and the world war 1917–1945

461 people

By birth A–Z List Cards

Georges Clemenceau Georges Clemenceau Radical French prime minister at the end of the First World War who pressed harsh terms on Hungary at the Paris Peace Conference Political and party leadership · France state institutions 1841–1929
Albert Apponyi Apponyi Albert Aristocratic statesman who led Hungary’s delegation to the Paris peace talks in 1920 and pleaded for revising Trianon at the League Diplomacy and international organization · Hungary state institutions 1846–1933
Paul von Hindenburg Paul von Hindenburg German field marshal in World War I and president of the Weimar Republic Military command · Germany state institutions 1847–1934
Hermann von Eichhorn Hermann von Eichhorn German field marshal who governed occupied Ukraine in 1918 and was assassinated in Kiev by a Left SR Military command · Germany state institutions 1848–1918
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk The philosopher-president who organized the Czechoslovak Legion from exile and signed the Penza Agreement with the Bolsheviks Political and party leadership 1850–1937
Ferdinand Foch Ferdinand Foch French marshal who as Allied supreme commander in 1918 led the counter-offensive and dictated the armistice Military command · France state institutions 1851–1929
Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson US president whose Fourteen Points and League of Nations failed to win the Senate’s ratification Political and party leadership · United States state institutions 1856–1924
Philippe Pétain Philippe Pétain A marshal whose Verdun prestige ended in Vichy collaboration Military command · France state institutions 1856–1951
Saad Zaghloul سعد زغلول Founding leader of the Wafd whose deportation to Malta in 1919 set off the Egyptian Revolution Political and party leadership · Independent activity 1857–1927
Junaid Khan Jüneýit han Yomut Turkmen chief who held real power in the Khanate of Khiva in 1918–1920 and fought Soviet rule for more than a decade Military command 1857–1938
George Curzon George Nathaniel Curzon Conservative viceroy of India and foreign secretary who gave his name to the Curzon Line and led the Allies at Lausanne Diplomacy and international organization · United Kingdom state institutions 1859–1925
Najmuddin Gotsinsky Нажмудин Гоцинский Avar religious leader and mufti of the North Caucasus who led anti-Bolshevik uprisings in Dagestan and Chechnya in 1918–1925 Military command 1859–1925
Sen Katayama 片山潜 Japanese communist founder who shook Plekhanov's hand and shaped Comintern East Asia strategy Political and party leadership · Comintern 1859–1933
Wilhelm II Wilhelm II. Last German Emperor, who backed Austria-Hungary in the July Crisis and abdicated and fled in 1918 Monarchs and royalty · Germany state institutions 1859–1941
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando Vittorio Emanuele Orlando Italian prime minister who led the country to victory after Caporetto but failed to win its territorial claims at the peace conference Political and party leadership · Italy state institutions 1860–1952
István Tisza Tisza István Defender of the Dual Monarchy who was Hungary’s wartime prime minister and was killed by soldiers on the day of the Aster Revolution Political and party leadership · Hungary state institutions 1861–1918
Carl Legien Carl Legien German trade-union leader who signed the 1918 agreement with Stinnes and met the Kapp Putsch of 1920 with a general strike Social movements and organizing · Independent activity 1861–1920
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud Pehr Evind Svinhufvud Head of the Finnish Senate who declared independence and sought German intervention in the civil war Government and administration · Finland state institutions 1861–1944
Hugo Haase Hugo Haase Lawyer who founded the USPD against the war and co-chaired the Council of People’s Deputies with Ebert in 1918 Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1863–1919
Pyotr Vasilievich Vologodsky Пётр Васильевич Вологодский A lawyer-statesman who held White Siberia together through compromise Government and administration · Russian White movement 1863–1925
Robert Emil Eichhorn Robert Emil Eichhorn German Social Democratic and Independent Social Democratic politician who headed Berlin police in 1918 Security, intelligence and policing · Germany state institutions 1863–1925
Arthur Henderson Arthur Henderson British Labour organizer and politician who led the international disarmament effort. Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom) 1863–1935
David Lloyd George David Lloyd George Liberal prime minister who led Britain in the later war and argued for moderation towards Germany at the peace conference Political and party leadership · United Kingdom state institutions 1863–1945
Reginald Dyer Reginald Dyer British Indian Army officer who ordered troops to fire on an unarmed crowd at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in 1919 Military command · United Kingdom state institutions 1864–1927
Feliks Yakovlevich Kon Феликс Яковлевич Кон From Warsaw boy patriot to Comintern old revolutionary: the Pole who returned in the sealed train Political and party leadership · Soviet Union state institutions 1864–1941
Andranik Ozanian Անդրանիկ Օզանյան Armenian fedayi commander who rejected the Republic of Armenia and held Zangezur with his own division Military command 1865–1927
Erich Ludendorff Erich Ludendorff General who directed Germany’s war with Hindenburg and later joined Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch Military command · Germany state institutions 1865–1937
Hugh Lincoln Cooper Hugh Lincoln Cooper The American colonel who brought General Electric turbines and dam-building expertise to the Soviet Union's showcase construction site Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1865–1937
Philipp Scheidemann Philipp Scheidemann SPD politician who proclaimed the republic from a Reichstag window on 9 November 1918 and became Weimar’s first head of government Government and administration · Germany state institutions 1865–1939
William S. Graves William Sidney Graves General who led the American Expeditionary Force in Siberia in 1918–1920 and kept it strictly neutral in the Russian Civil War Military command · United States state institutions 1865–1940
Lionel Dunsterville Lionel Charles Dunsterville British general who led Dunsterforce across Persia to defend Baku in 1918 Military command · United Kingdom state institutions 1865–1946
Rüdiger von der Goltz Rüdiger von der Goltz Freikorps commander who tried to keep Germany's eastern influence in Finland and the Baltic Military command · Germany state institutions 1865–1946
Lucjan Żeligowski Lucjan Żeligowski Polish general who seized Vilnius in a staged 'mutiny' and set up Central Lithuania Military command · Poland state institutions 1865–1947
Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg Jurist who shaped Finland’s republican constitution and, as its first president, sought to reconcile the defeated Reds Government and administration · Finland state institutions 1865–1952
Ernst Friedrich Däumig Ernst Friedrich Däumig German socialist and a leading figure in the workers’ council movement. Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1866–1922
Julian Józefowicz Marchlewski Julian Marchlewski A Pole who passed through the German and Russian revolutions and tried to bring revolution home Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1866–1925
Ramsay MacDonald Ramsay MacDonald Politician who gave up the Labour chairmanship in 1914 over war credits and later became Britain’s first Labour prime minister Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom) 1866–1937
Kurt Eisner Kurt Eisner Journalist who overthrew the Bavarian monarchy in Munich in November 1918, proclaimed the People’s State and was assassinated the next year Social movements and organizing · Germany state institutions 1867–1919
Leo Jogiches Leo Jogiches The revolution's underground organizer, always behind the scenes, until he had to lead Political and party leadership · Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) 1867–1919
Max von Baden Max von Baden Last chancellor of the German Empire, who sought the armistice, announced the emperor’s abdication and handed power to Ebert Government and administration · Germany state institutions 1867–1929
Józef Piłsudski Józef Piłsudski The soldier-politician who began as a socialist, became Head of State of reborn Poland, broke the Red Army's westward drive at Warsaw in 1920, and later ruled through a coup-built authoritarian regime Government and administration · Poland state institutions 1867–1935
Vernon Kellogg Vernon Lyman Kellogg An entomologist who carried scientific expertise into international relief Science and technology 1867–1937
Wilhelm Groener Wilhelm Groener General who struck the 1918 secret pact with Ebert that preserved the officer corps and later served Weimar as defence and interior minister Military command · Germany state institutions 1867–1939
Léon Daudet Léon Daudet The voice of Action Française, the polemicist who pushed a scandal from the page into the street day after day Literature and arts 1867–1942
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Aristocratic soldier who rose from Russian Imperial lieutenant general to Marshal of Finland, facing the Soviet Union in two wars Military command · Finland state institutions 1867–1951
Maxime Weygand Maxime Weygand From Foch's brilliant staff officer to a general of defeat and accommodation Military command · France state institutions 1867–1965
Béla Somogyi Somogyi Béla Editor of the Social Democratic Népszava who was murdered by an officer detachment in 1920 for exposing the White Terror Ideology and propaganda 1868–1920
Tserendorj Цэрэндорж First prime minister of the Mongolian People's Republic, diplomat of the old regime Government and administration · Mongolia state institutions 1868–1928
Harold Harmsworth Harold Sidney Harmsworth British press baron Lord Rothermere, who became a hero in Hungary by demanding revision of the Trianon borders in the Daily Mail Ideology and propaganda 1868–1940
Gustav Noske Gustav Noske SPD defence minister who said “someone has to be the bloodhound” and used the Freikorps to crush the left risings of 1919 Military command · Germany state institutions 1868–1946

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