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People of the Revolution and the USSR
Activity
Affiliation
Position
Citizenship
Background
Era(set)
People of the Soviet Union
People of the Chinese revolution and the People’s Republic
People of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era
People of the wider world
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Jaan Tõnisson Jaan Tõnisson
Estonian prime minister who concluded the Treaty of Tartu, publisher of Postimees
Political and party leadership
1868–1941?
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Kantaro Suzuki 鈴木貫太郎
The admiral-prime minister who steered Japan toward surrender
Military command · Japan state institutions
1868–1948
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Charles Maurras Charles Maurras
The brain of Action Française, the royalist theorist who denied the republic itself in the name of integral nationalism
Political and party leadership · Action Française
1868–1952
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Noe Zhordania ნოე ჟორდანია
Leader of the Georgian Mensheviks who headed the government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918–1921
Political and party leadership · Georgia state institutions
1868–1953
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Miklós Horthy Horthy Miklós
Regent who led the counter-revolutionary National Army and ruled Hungary until 1944
Government and administration · Hungary
1868–1957
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W. E. B. Du Bois W. E. B. Du Bois
"Capitalism cannot reform itself": father of the modern Negro liberation movement who joined the Communist Party at 93
Scholarship and theory · Communist Party USA (CPUSA)
1868–1963
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Max Hoffmann Max Hoffmann
German Eastern Front chief of staff who placed his soldier's boot on the Brest-Litovsk negotiating table
Military command · Germany state institutions
1869–1927
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Neville Chamberlain Neville Chamberlain
The appeasement architect whose bid to avoid war helped open the way to it
Political and party leadership · Conservative Party (United Kingdom)
1869–1940
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Francisco Largo Caballero Francisco Largo Caballero
The UGT worker-leader they called the Spanish Lenin, a prime minister broken between revolution and war
Government and administration · Spanish Republic
1869–1946
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Väinö Voionmaa Väinö Voionmaa
A historian who linked scholarship with social democracy
Scholarship and theory
1869–1947
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Victor Emmanuel III Vittorio Emanuele III
A monarch caught between constitutional authority and responsibility for Fascism
Monarchs and royalty · Italy state institutions
1869–1947
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Marcel Cachin Marcel Cachin
Leader who took the SFIO majority into the Comintern at Tours in 1920, founding the French Communist Party, and ran L’Humanité
Political and party leadership · French Communist Party (PCF)
1869–1958
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Gustav Landauer Gustav Landauer
German anarchist thinker who served in Bavaria’s revolutionary government and was killed by counterrevolutionary troops in 1919.
Social movements and organizing
1870–1919
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Fernand Loriot Fernand Loriot
French socialist and teachers’ union activist who led the Committee for the Third International
Social movements and organizing · Comintern
1870–1932
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Julián Besteiro Julián Besteiro
PSOE right-wing leader, Speaker of the Cortes; joined Casado's coup, refused exile, and died in Franco's prison
Political and party leadership · Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
1870–1940
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Gustav Bauer Gustav Bauer
Social Democratic chancellor whose government accepted the Treaty of Versailles under an Allied ultimatum
Political and party leadership · Germany state institutions
1870–1944
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Jan Smuts Jan Christian Smuts
Soldier-statesman who was twice prime minister of the Union of South Africa and went to Budapest as the Entente’s envoy in April 1919
Political and party leadership · South Africa state institutions
1870–1950
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Karl Renner Karl Renner
Austrian Social Democratic leader who signed the Treaty of Saint-Germain and founded the Second Republic in 1945
Political and party leadership · Austria state institutions
1870–1950
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Karl Liebknecht Karl Liebknecht
The lone vote against the war; the revolution's first martyr
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1871–1919
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Rosa Luxemburg Rosa Luxemburg
“Freedom is always the freedom of the one who thinks differently”
Social movements and organizing · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1871–1919
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Friedrich Ebert Friedrich Ebert
SPD leader who headed the revolutionary government of 1918, steered the councils into parliamentary democracy and became the first president
Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
1871–1925
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Ioannis Metaxas Ιωάννης Μεταξάς
The monarchist anti-communist who established the 4th of August dictatorship
Government and administration · Greece state institutions
1871–1941
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Andrievs Niedra Andrievs Niedra
Pastor and writer who headed Latvia's pro-German government of 1919
Literature and arts
1871–1942
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Dénes Berinkey Berinkey Dénes
Last prime minister of the Hungarian People’s Republic, who resigned with his cabinet over the Vix note
Political and party leadership · Hungary
1871–1944
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Gyula Károlyi Károlyi Gyula
Conservative aristocrat who set up the counter-revolutionary government in Szeged in 1919 and was prime minister of Hungary in 1931–1932
Political and party leadership · Hungary
1871–1947
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Stanisław Grabski Stanisław Grabski
An Endecja theorist who pressed for a Polish nation-state
Political and party leadership · Polish Socialist Party (PPS)
1871–1949
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Albert François Lebrun Albert Lebrun
Last president of the Third Republic, who signed the 1940 transfer of power
Legislature and state representation · France state institutions
1871–1950
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Cordell Hull Cordell Hull
An American diplomat who pressed for free trade and international institutions
Diplomacy and international organization · United States state institutions
1871–1955
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Pietro Badoglio Pietro Badoglio
A marshal who served Fascism before steering Italy's turn
Military command · Italy state institutions
1871–1956
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Giacinto Menotti Serrati Giacinto Menotti Serrati
Italian Socialist leader who took his party into the Comintern but refused to expel the reformists, causing the Livorno split of 1921
Political and party leadership · Italian Socialist Party (PSI)
1872–1926
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Léon Blum Léon Blum
France's first Socialist prime minister, who left behind paid holidays and the 40-hour week
Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO)
1872–1950
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Maurice Gamelin Maurice Gamelin
A commander-in-chief caught between defensive doctrine and forward deployment
Military command · France state institutions
1872–1958
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Joseph August Joseph August von Österreich
Habsburg archduke and last field marshal of the Austro-Hungarian army who briefly declared himself regent of Hungary in August 1919
Military command · Austria state institutions
1872–1962
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Yi Dong-hwi 이동휘
Pioneer of Korean communism who fused the Bolshevik revolution with national liberation against Japanese rule
Political and party leadership
1873–1935
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Kyösti Kallio Kyösti Kallio
A president shaped by agrarian reform and wartime compromise
Agriculture and land policy · Finland state institutions
1873–1940
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Gyula Peidl Peidl Gyula
Printer and Social Democratic leader who headed the six-day “trade-union government” after the fall of the Soviet Republic
Political and party leadership · Hungary
1873–1943
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Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadskyi Павло Петрович Скоропадський
The last hetman of Ukraine, installed under German occupation in 1918
Government and administration · Ukrainian State (Hetmanate)
1873–1945
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Ivanoe Bonomi Ivanoe Bonomi
A reformist politician who organized compromises between fascism's fall and the monarchy
Government and administration · Italy state institutions
1873–1951
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Iuliu Maniu Iuliu Maniu
Leader of the National Peasant Party who led Transylvania's union with Romania, sentenced to life in 1947 and dead in Sighet prison
Political and party leadership
1873–1953
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Anton Pannekoek Anton Pannekoek
The astrophysicist who mapped the Milky Way, and the council communist Lenin attacked in 'Left-Wing Communism'
Science and technology · Netherlands state institutions
1873–1960
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Oskari Tokoi Oskari Tokoi
Finnish labour leader who became the world’s first Social Democratic head of government and then joined the Red government
Government and administration · Finland state institutions
1873–1963
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François Coty François Coty
The perfume magnate who bought both the far-right leagues and a mass newspaper
Industry and production
1874–1934
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Antanas Smetona Antanas Smetona
Lithuania's first president who led the declaration of independence, later leader of the 1926 coup
Government and administration · Lithuania state institutions
1874–1944
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Alexander Khatisian Ալեքսանդր Խատիսեան
Dashnak foreign minister and prime minister of the First Republic of Armenia who signed the treaties of Batum and Alexandropol
Diplomacy and international organization
1874–1945
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Avgustyn Voloshyn Августин Волошин
Greek Catholic priest who became president of Carpatho-Ukraine when it declared independence in March 1939
Government and administration · Czechoslovakia
1874–1945
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István Bethlen Bethlen István
Transylvanian aristocrat who, as prime minister in 1921–1931, consolidated the Horthy regime with a restricted franchise and a League loan
Government and administration · Hungary
1874–1946
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Konstantin Päts Konstantin Päts
Head of Estonia's government in the independence war, later dictator of the 'era of silence'
Government and administration · Estonia state institutions
1874–1956
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Herbert C. Hoover Herbert Hoover
Master of famine relief and the 31st president, broken by the Great Depression
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1874–1964
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Pál Prónay Prónay Pál
Counter-revolutionary paramilitary commander who led the most brutal officer detachment of the Hungarian White Terror of 1919–1921
Military command · Hungary
1874–1947/1948
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Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill Winston Churchill
Britain's wartime prime minister who divided Europe with Stalin on a half-sheet of paper
Government and administration · United Kingdom state institutions
1874–1965