People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity(set)
Any Political and party leadership 9 Government and administration 1 Legislature and state representation 2 Economy, finance and planning 1 Industry and production 3 Social movements and organizing 1 Science and technology 2 Literature and arts 1
Affiliation

Most people

Any Azerbaijan state institutions 1 Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1 Soviet Union state institutions 1

All 3 affiliations

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan state institutions 1

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1 Soviet Union state institutions 1
Position
Any Marxism and communism 1 Nationalism 1
Citizenship
Any Azerbaijan 1 Soviet Union 1
Background(set)
Any Hungary 15 Germany 14 Russia 6 Belarus 5 Ukraine 5 Moldova 4 Estonia 3 Latvia 3 Azerbaijan 2 Finland 2 France 2 Austria 1 Croatia 1 Italy 1 Laos 1 Lithuania 1 Turkey 1 United Kingdom 1 Uzbekistan 1
Era
Any

People of the Soviet Union

The last generation1985–1991 1

People of the wider world

The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 1
Legislature and state representation Background: Azerbaijan Clear all

Mammad Amin Rasulzade

Məhəmməd Əmin Rəsulzadə
Nationalism Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 1884–1955 → Died in exile

Musavat leader who headed the Azerbaijani National Council that declared the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918

Born near Baku in 1884, he founded Hummet, a Muslim social-democratic organization, in 1904. He took part in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution in 1909, and after returning to Baku in 1913 he became the chief of Musavat. As head of the Azerbaijani National Council he declared the independence of the Azerbaijan Republic on 28 May 1918. After the republic fell in 1920 he directed resistance until his arrest, but because he had once hidden Joseph Stalin from the police he was released and taken to Moscow. He escaped to Finland in 1922, lived in exile in Turkey, Poland and Romania, and died in Ankara in 1955.

Career timeline
  • 1904Founded Hummet
  • 1909–1911Iranian Constitutional Revolution; co-founded the Democrat Party of Persia
  • 1913Joined Musavat and became its chief
  • 1918Head of the Azerbaijani National Council; declaration of independence
  • 1920Arrested, released and sent to the Commissariat on Nations in Moscow
  • 1922–1955Exile

Elmira Mikayil qızı Kafarova

Elmira Qafarova
Soviet Union state institutions Soviet communism Soviet Union Azerbaijani 1934–1993 ○ Natural causes

A Soviet republican leader who asserted institutional authority in crisis

“A state of emergency was declared and troops were sent in without the republic’s consent.”

Elmira Kafarova was an Azerbaijani Soviet politician and diplomat who moved through education and foreign-affairs administration before leading the republic’s Supreme Soviet. In January 1990, she publicly protested the declaration of emergency in Baku and the entry of Soviet troops, stating that the decision had been taken while she was in Moscow and without her knowledge. Her institutional dissent, unusual within the Soviet republican leadership, illuminates how the nationalities crisis became a collision among republican institutions, a mass movement, and Union power.

Career timeline
  • 1958Graduated from Azerbaijan State University; pursued philological research
  • 1966–1970First Secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee of the Azerbaijan SSR
  • 1971Ideology secretary of the Baku City Party Committee
  • 1980–1983Minister of Education of the Azerbaijan SSR
  • 1983–1987Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Azerbaijan SSR
  • 1987–1989Deputy Chair of the Council of Ministers of the Azerbaijan SSR
  • 1989–1990Chair of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR
  • 1990–1992Chair of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan