People of the Revolution and the USSR
- Frederick William II Friedrich Wilhelm II King of Prussia who signed the Declaration of Pillnitz and campaigned against France
- Leopold II Leopold II Holy Roman Emperor who co-signed the Declaration of Pillnitz
- Wilhelm II Wilhelm II. Last German Emperor, who backed Austria-Hungary in the July Crisis and abdicated and fled in 1918
- Franz Ferdinand Franz Ferdinand Heir presumptive of Austria-Hungary whose assassination in Sarajevo in 1914 was the immediate cause of the First World War
- Bogd Khan Богд хаан The Tibetan-born reincarnate lama enthroned as the last great khan of Mongolia
- Victor Emmanuel III Vittorio Emanuele III A monarch caught between constitutional authority and responsibility for Fascism
- Joseph August Joseph August von Österreich Habsburg archduke and last field marshal of the Austro-Hungarian army who briefly declared himself regent of Hungary in August 1919
- Said Alim Khan Said Olimxon Last Emir of Bukhara, driven into exile in Afghanistan by the Red Army in 1920
- Charles I Karl I. Last Habsburg monarch, Emperor Charles I of Austria and King Charles IV of Hungary, who twice tried to regain the Hungarian throne in 1921
- Paul Karađorđević Pavle Karađorđević A regent pressed toward the Axis while trying to keep Yugoslavia out of war
- Hirohito 裕仁 The emperor who carried Japan through war and constitutional transformation
- Puyi 溥仪 Last emperor of the Qing, puppet emperor of Manchukuo, and a “remoulded” citizen of the People’s Republic
- Michael I Mihai I The last King of Romania, who arrested Antonescu on 23 August 1944 to bring the country over to the Allies and abdicated at gunpoint in 1947
- Peter II Petar II Karađorđević The last king who carried Yugoslavia’s royal legitimacy into exile