People of the Revolution and the USSR
- István Bibó Bibó István A political thinker who analyzed democracy and the crises of states
- Yakov Abramovich Kronrod Яков Абрамович Кронрод Leader of the 'commodity school' in Soviet political economy who argued for the law of value and economic democracy
- Isai Izrailevich Gurevich Исай Израилевич Гуревич A nuclear theorist who made reactor design possible
- Lev Nikolayevich Gumilev Лев Николаевич Гумилёв Historian who reinvented Eurasianism with the theory of ethnogenesis and passionarity
- Gordon Skilling Harold Gordon Skilling The Canadian political scientist who chronicled the Prague Spring
- Vladimir Žerjavić Vladimir Žerjavić The demographer who recalculated Yugoslavia’s wartime losses
- Charles Bettelheim Charles Bettelheim French Marxist economist who theorized the USSR as state capitalism and shaped Third World development economics
- Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov Александр Михайлович Прохоров Nobel-winning laser co-inventor who helmed the Great Soviet Encyclopedia for three decades
- Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg Виталий Лазаревич Гинзбург From the H-bomb's 'second idea' to the Nobel Prize: a century-spanning theoretical physicist
- Arthur M. Schlesinger Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. A liberal historian who became an insider chronicler of power
- Eric Hobsbawm Eric Hobsbawm Historian of revolution’s social foundations and later memory
- Robert Conquest George Robert Acworth Conquest A Cold War historian who dissected the Stalin era
- Louis Pierre Althusser Louis Althusser The thinker who found a new continent in Marx: founder of structural Marxism
- Israel Getzler ישראל גצלר Historian who interpreted the Kronstadt uprising as the last stand of Soviet democracy
- Bogoljub Kočović Bogoljub Kočović An independent statistician who recalculated Yugoslavia’s wartime losses
- Claudio Pavone Claudio Pavone A historian who clarified the Resistance's moral choices and the war's layered character
- Nikolai Nikolayevich Inozemtsev Николай Николаевич Иноземцев Intellectual architect of Brezhnev-era détente
- Gabriel Jackson Gabriel Jackson An American historian who interpreted the Spanish Republic and Civil War
- Mikhail Ivanovich Semiryaga Михаил Иванович Семиряга Soviet military historian who first broke the official silence on Winter War casualties, revealing 53,522 dead
- Georgy Arkadyevich Arbatov Георгий Аркадьевич Арбатов The USSR's preeminent Americanist who built a think-tank on Arbat Street, not in Akademgorodok, and designed détente
- Richard Edgar Pipes Richard Pipes The Cold War's leading conservative interpreter of Russian history who framed October as a coup
- Radovan Richta Radovan Richta Czech Marxist philosopher who coined the phrase "socialism with a human face"
- Georgy Khosroevich Shakhnazarov Георгий Хосроевич Шахназаров Founder of Soviet political science and brains of perestroika's political reform
- Martin Edward Malia Martin Edward Malia A historian who forecast the Soviet collapse
- Stuart Schram Stuart R. Schram Pioneer of Mao studies, author of The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung and editor of the ten-volume Mao’s Road to Power
- Frantz Fanon Frantz Fanon The psychiatrist who diagnosed colonialism itself as the disease
- Zhores Alexandrovich Medvedev Жорес Александрович Медведев The dissident biologist who argued the archives contain no evidence Stalin planned a Jewish deportation
- Robert W. Davies Robert W. Davies The British economic historian who built the seven-volume chronicle of Soviet industrialisation
- Roy Alexandrovich Medvedev Рой Александрович Медведев The Marxist historian who put Stalinism on trial
- Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kurnosov Владимир Александрович Курносов Author and technical director of the 'Shelter' that encased Chernobyl's ruined Reactor 4
- Karel Kosík Karel Kosík A non-dogmatic Marxist who reflected on the Prague Spring
- Pierre Broué Pierre Broué A committed historian of revolutionary movements
- Robert Vincent Daniels Robert Vincent Daniels A historian who traced revolutionary pluralism and the making of Stalinism
- Alexandr Alexandrovich Fursenko Александр Александрович Фурсенко The historian who first reconstructed the Cuban Missile Crisis from Soviet archives
- Tatyana Ivanovna Zaslavskaya Татьяна Ивановна Заславская Founder of Soviet economic sociology; her 1983 report lit the intellectual fuse of perestroika
- Fyodor Mikhailovich Burlatsky Фёдор Михайлович Бурлацкий Architect of Khrushchev's reforms and pioneer of Soviet political science
- Oleg Timofeyevich Bogomolov Олег Тимофеевич Богомолов An economist of socialist economic integration and reform
- Ivan Timofeyevich Frolov Иван Тимофеевич Фролов The philosopher who gave perestroika its humanist foundations: from defending genetics to founding the science of Man
- Sergo Anastasi Mikoyan Серго Анастасович Микоян A historian who reconstructed the Cold War’s hidden record
- Yuly Yakovlevich Olsevich Юлий Яковлевич Ольсевич Soviet economist who identified two incompatible regulators, plan and quasi-market, as the core contradiction of the Kosygin reform
- Vladimir Treml Vladimir Treml A scholar who quantified the Soviet economy's hidden flows
- Grigori Fedotovich Krivosheyev Григорий Фёдорович Кривошеев The statistician who made Soviet war losses countable
- Merab Konstantinovich Mamardashvili Мераб Константинович Мамардашвили The philosopher who spoke consciousness aloud
- Alexander Yevgenyevich Bovin Александр Евгеньевич Бовин Brezhnev's foreign-affairs speechwriter who put détente into prose, then became its sharpest television commentator
- Roderick MacFarquhar Roderick MacFarquhar Harvard sinologist whose Origins of the Cultural Revolution trilogy and Mao’s Last Revolution dissected China’s elite politics
- Paul Avrich Paul Avrich Historian who pioneered the history of Russian and American anarchism
- Maurice Meisner Maurice Meisner Historian whose Mao’s China and After judged the Chinese revolution critically from within the Marxist tradition
- Hugh Thomas Hugh Thomas The historian who made the Spanish Civil War a global narrative
- Abel Gezevich Aganbegyan Абел Гезевич Аганбегян Gorbachev's chief economic adviser and the market-reform architect of perestroika
- Robert Owen Paxton Robert Owen Paxton The historian who recast Vichy collaboration