Forty-Eighters
포티에이터스
The Europeans who took part in or supported the revolutions of 1848 and left their homelands after the defeat, especially the German exiles who went to the United States from the late 1840s to the mid-1850s. They favoured German unification, democratic government and human rights; in America most opposed slavery and nativism, supported Lincoln and the Republicans, and many served as Union officers in the Civil War.
In depth
About 80,000 people left Baden alone. The exiles went first to France, England and Switzerland, and those who could afford the passage crossed to the United States and Australia. Friedrich Hecker commanded Illinois regiments, August Willich an Indiana regiment and brigade, and Gustav Struve, Franz Sigel, Carl Schurz and Joseph Weydemeyer also served in the Union army. Schurz was US Secretary of the Interior from 1877 to 1881. Many of those who returned to Germany after the amnesty of 1862 joined the social-democratic movement.