June Days uprising
6월 봉기 (1848)
The rising of the workers of eastern Paris on 22–26 June 1848 against the closure of the National Workshops. The Executive Commission and the Constituent Assembly gave General Cavaignac dictatorial powers to crush it with the regular army, the National Guard and the Mobile Guard. Insurgent deaths are estimated at 3,000 to 5,000 with some 1,500 shot without trial and about 25,000 arrests, and Marx saw it as the first great battle between bourgeoisie and proletariat.
In depth
After the closing decree appeared in the Moniteur on 21 June and Marie turned away a workers' delegation, barricades went up on the morning of 23 June, signalled by the worker Louis Pujol's speech on the Place de la Bastille. Engels wrote that east of a line from Montmartre to the Saint-Jacques gate the city was held by the workers and the west by the bourgeoisie. The government forces numbered 25,000 regular troops, 17,000 National Guards, 15,000 Mobile Guards recruited from poor young Parisians and 2,500 Republican Guards. The last barricade, in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, fell on 26 June; Archbishop Affre and seven generals, among them Bréa, were killed. Figures differ widely. The English Wikipedia gives about 1,500 troops and 3,000 insurgents killed or wounded and more than 4,000 deported to Algeria; the French gives about 1,600 government dead (1,460 in the report of the prefect of police Ducoux), 3,000 to 5,000 insurgents killed in combat plus some 1,500 shot without trial, about 25,000 arrests and 11,000 sentences of prison or deportation. Cavaignac put army casualties at 703 on 3 July. Afterwards the right to work was struck from the draft constitution and the clubs were restricted.