Pact of Pacification (1921)
평화 협정 (1921)
An agreement signed in Rome on 2 or 3 August 1921 by Mussolini and other Fascist leaders with the Italian Socialist Party and the General Confederation of Labour, calling for an immediate end to threats, assaults, reprisals and personal violence of any kind by either side and for mutual respect of all economic organisations.
In depth
Mussolini, who was moving towards parliamentary politics, meant the pact to rein in the provincial squads, but the local ras allied with the landowners, Dino Grandi, Italo Balbo and Roberto Farinacci among them, rebelled and challenged his leadership. At the Rome congress in November, where the movement became the National Fascist Party, Mussolini in effect abandoned the pact. The Socialists used it as a reason to keep away from the armed anti-fascist Arditi del Popolo.