Second Spanish Republic
스페인 제2공화국
Republican regime governing Spain from the fall of the monarchy in 1931 until defeat in the civil war in 1939. Its constitution established parliamentary institutions, equal voting rights for women, religious freedom, and a state without an official religion. Rival political forces contested its direction, and Republican supporters remained divided over war and revolution after the military rebellion of 1936. It is distinct from the Second Polish Republic and Spain’s First Republic.
In depth
The establishment of the Republic in 1931 changed Spain’s constitutional regime. The December constitution provided for a unicameral parliament, a president, and civil and social rights. Regional autonomy and relations between church and state were central issues. Identifying the Republic with a single party or ideology obscures both political competition and institutional change.
The military rebellion of 1936 developed into civil war. Republicans, socialists, communists, and anarchists opposed the rebellion, but disagreed over the relationship between fighting the war and pursuing social revolution. The dispute between Federica Montseny, who joined the government, and Emma Goldman illustrates those differences. The Republican government, the broader Republican camp, and individual parties or unions should be distinguished.
Untold Stories of the Spanish Civil War places volunteers, women, children, and cultural figures within this setting. The qualified name distinguishes the regime from similarly named republics in other countries.