Stolypin's Necktie
스톨리핀의 넥타이
A satirical name for the hangings carried out under the field courts-martial (военно-полевые суды) introduced by Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin in 1906 to crush the 1905 Revolution. The phrase originated on 17 November 1907 when Second Duma deputy Fyodor Rodichev, of the Kadet Party, referred to the gallows as 'Stolypin's efficient black Monday necktie', a retort that parodied the earlier expression 'Muravyov's collar' (after the suppressor of the 1863 Polish uprising). Over eight months, the field courts handed down roughly 1,100 death sentences and executed 683 people. The noose became a byword for the repression of the Stolypin reaction.
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Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) Rodichev's phrase 'Stolypin's efficient black Monday necktie' (17 Nov 1907); over 3,000 suspects convicted and executed 1906–1909
- stolypin.ru Stolypin Encyclopedia: военно-полевые суды introduced 19 Aug 1906; 1,102 death sentences, 683 executions over eight months; 48-hour trial, 24-hour execution rule
- dic.academic.ru Serov's Dictionary of Winged Words: origin in Rodichev's speech, parody of Purishkevich's 'Muravyov collar', and Rodichev's 15-session expulsion and challenge to duel