Treaty of London (1913)
런던 조약 (1913)
The peace treaty of the First Balkan War, concluded on 30 May 1913 at the London Conference between the four Balkan League states and the Ottoman Empire. It ceded Ottoman Europe west of the Enos-Midia line, except Albania, to the League and left the Albanian question to the Great Powers.
In depth
After the armistice of 3 December 1912, an ambassadors' conference of the Great Powers and a peace conference of the belligerents met together in London. The disputes concerned the status of Albania, most of which Serbia had occupied, the Sanjak of Novi Pazar, under Austro-Hungarian protection since 1878, and the fate of Kosovo, Macedonia and Thrace. Austria-Hungary and Italy pressed for an independent Albania to keep Serbia from the Adriatic, Russia backed Serbia and Montenegro, and Germany and Britain stayed neutral. Enver Pasha's coup of 23 January 1913 withdrew the Ottomans from the conference, and the treaty was signed without the Ottoman delegation.
Under the treaty all Ottoman territory in Europe west of the line from Enos on the Aegean to Midia on the Black Sea, except Albania, passed to the allied sovereigns, and the sultan renounced all sovereignty over Crete. The borders of Albania and all other Albanian questions were left to the Great Powers. The treaty did not, however, say how the ceded land was to be divided among the allies. When Serbia refused the partition agreed with Bulgaria in 1912, Bulgaria attacked its former allies in June, and the borders were redrawn by the Treaty of Bucharest in August and the Treaty of Constantinople in September. The Bulgarian prime minister Ivan Geshov resigned on the day the treaty was signed.