People
Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
Marxism and communism
The revolutionary wave and the world war 1917–1945
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GlossarySocial Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
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Karl Liebknecht Karl Liebknecht
The lone vote against the war; the revolution's first martyr
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1871–1919
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Rosa Luxemburg Rosa Luxemburg
“Freedom is always the freedom of the one who thinks differently”
Social movements and organizing · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1871–1919
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Heinrich Brandler Heinrich Brandler
KPD chairman who called off a revolution; co-founder of the International Right Opposition
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1881–1967
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Paul Levi Paul Levi
From Rosa Luxemburg's lawyer to KPD leader, his 'anti-putschism' took on Comintern adventurism
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1883–1930
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August Thalheimer August Thalheimer
Main theorist of the KPD and Bonapartist analyst of fascism
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany Opposition (KPO)
1884–1948
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Ernst Thälmann Ernst Thälmann
Hitler's personal prisoner, unbroken by eleven years in solitary
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1886–1944
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Hugo Eberlein Hugo Eberlein
German Communist who abstained on the Comintern’s founding at its first congress and was later shot in the Great Purge
Social movements and organizing · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1887–1941