People of the Revolution and the USSR
Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks
Background: Russia
The revolutionary generation 1917–1940
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GlossarySoviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks
- Mikhail Stepanovich Olminsky Михаил Степанович Ольминский Founder of Istpart and architect of Bolshevik party historiography
- Alexander Serafimovich Александр Серафимович The Don Cossack's son who gave the revolution its epic
- Anna Ilyinichna Yelizarova-Ulyanova Анна Ильинична Елизарова-Ульянова Lenin's older sister, Old Bolshevik who organized the Iskra underground, edited Pravda, and co-founded the Soviet historical establishment
- Mikhail Nikolayevich Pokrovsky Михаил Николаевич Покровский Founder of Soviet Marxist historiography, posthumously repudiated
- Maria Fyodorovna Andreyeva Мария Фёдоровна Андреева Actress turned Bolshevik financial agent whom Lenin called 'Comrade Phenomenon'
- Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya Надежда Константиновна Крупская She built the Soviet school and library system from the shadow of her husband
- Alexander Nikolayevich Vinokurov Александр Николаевич Винокуров The Bolshevik physician who built the USSR Supreme Court and led it for fourteen years
- Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Владимир Ильич Ленин The helmsman who changed course at every fork
- Leonid Borisovich Krasin Леонид Борисович Красин From revolutionary engineer to Soviet diplomatic architect, the only Bolshevik who could do business with Western capital
- Ivan Ivanovich Skvortsov-Stepanov Иван Иванович Скворцов Bolshevik intellectual who brought Capital into Russian and served as the first People's Commissar of Finance
- David Borisovich Riazanov Давид Борисович Рязанов Founder of the Marx-Engels Institute and independent Marxist who never stopped disagreeing
- Pyotr Ananyevich Krasikov Пётр Ананьевич Красиков First Procurator General of the USSR and architect of revolutionary legality
- Georgy Vasilyevich Chicherin Георгий Васильевич Чичерин The first foreign commissar who translated the revolution into diplomacy
- Pavel Ilyich Popov Павел Ильич Попов The founder of Soviet statistics whom Lenin rebuked and relied on
- Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai Александра Михайловна Коллонтай The first woman cabinet minister, who made women's liberation the revolution's business
- Gleb Maksimilianovich Krzhizhanovsky Глеб Максимилианович Кржижановский Early architect of electrification and planning
- Moisei Solomonovich Uritsky Моисей Соломонович Урицкий The Petrograd Cheka chairman who resisted the terror, and became its trigger
- Yuri Mikhailovich Steklov Юрий Михайлович Стеклов First Soviet editor of Izvestia, architect of the Soviet constitution
- Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich Владимир Дмитриевич Бонч-Бруевич He built the Soviet government apparatus and studied the religious dissenters of the empire
- Elena Dmitriyevna Stasova Елена Дмитриевна Стасова The early Secretariat’s practical organizer
- Semyon Ivanovich Balashov Семён Иванович Балашов Bolshevik leader of Ivanovo-Voznesensk who built the first soviet alongside Frunze during the 1905 general strike
- Dmitry Ivanovich Kursky Дмитрий Иванович Курский Architect of revolutionary legality and the first Soviet People's Commissar of Justice and Prosecutor General
- Sergei Ivanovich Gusev Сергей Иванович Гусев Architect of the Red Army's political apparatus, Old Bolshevik who opposed Trotsky's military line
- Vsevolod Emilievich Meyerhold Всеволод Эмильевич Мейерхольд Creator of biomechanics, the architect of theatre who staged revolution on stage
- Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko Николай Александрович Семашко Founder of Soviet public health who designed free universal healthcare (the 'Semashko model')
- Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky Анатолий Васильевич Луначарский Russian revolutionary, first People's Commissar of Enlightenment, and literary critic
- Konkordia Nikolayevna Samoilova Конкордия Николаевна Самойлова Founder of Rabotnitsa and organizer of Russia's first International Women's Day
- Vasily Nikolayevich Kayurov Василий Николаевич Каюров Vyborg Bolshevik organizer who turned the Women's Day protest into the February Revolution
- Vladimir Ivanovich Nevsky Владимир Иванович Невский The revolutionary-historian who seized the railways in October and wrote the party's history
- Filipp Isayevich Goloshchyokin Филипп Исаевич Голощёкин The revolutionary who led Kazakhstan's 'Little October'
- Avel Safronovich Yenukidze Авель Сафронович Енукидзе Stalin's close friend and the 17-year organizational backbone of the Soviet state, the first fall that opened the Great Purge
- Nikolai Ivanovich Muralov Николай Иванович Муралов The revolutionary soldier who founded Post No. 1 at Lenin's Mausoleum
- Viktor Pavlovich Nogin Виктор Павлович Ногин First commissar to resign demanding a coalition, buried on Red Square
- Maria Ilyinichna Ulyanova Мария Ильинична Ульянова Lenin's youngest sister who edited the revolution with a pencil: press organizer in her own right
- Moissei Ilyich Frumkin Моисей Ильич Фрумкин 'The countryside is against us': the deputy finance commissar who said it to the Politburo
- Nikolai Pavlovich Bryukhanov Николай Павлович Брюханов The commissar who steered from famine's shadow to NEP finance, then fell under industrialization's demands
- Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky Яков Михайлович Юровский The Cheka executioner who personally shot the last Tsar
- Mikhail Sergeyevich Kedrov Михаил Сергеевич Кедров Old Bolshevik who led the Cheka Special Department, building the Red Terror in the North and the earliest Soviet camp system
- Leon Davidovich Trotsky Лев Давидович Троцкий The orator who built the Red Army, felled by an ice axe
- Mikhail Pavlovich Tomsky Михаил Павлович Томский Chief of the Soviet trade unions, third man of the Right Opposition
- Vyacheslav Alekseyevich Karpinsky Вячеслав Алексеевич Карпинский Lenin's trusted Bolshevik publicist and a 68-year party veteran
- Serafima Ilyinichna Gopner Серафима Ильинична Гопнер First woman to lead the Ukrainian Bolshevik party; delegate to all seven Comintern congresses
- Semyon Ivanovich Aralov Семён Иванович Аралов Institutional founder of Soviet military intelligence
- Ivan Nikitich Smirnov Иван Никитич Смирнов The Siberian Bolshevik of the Left Opposition
- Sergey Sergeyevich Kamenev Сергей Сергеевич Каменев Commander-in-Chief who led the Red Army to victory in the Civil War
- Alexei Ivanovich Rykov Алексей Иванович Рыков Lenin’s successor as premier, destroyed as the Right Opposition
- Platon Mikhailovich Kerzhentsev Платон Михайлович Керженцев Proletkult theorist who became architect of Stalin-era arts censorship
- Lidia Aleksandrovna Fotieva Лидия Александровна Фотиева Lenin's personal secretary and conduit of his final political struggle
- Yuri Mikhailovich Larin Юрий Михайлович Ларин An imaginative economic theorist who bridged NEP and central planning, co-founded Gosplan, and championed Jewish agricultural settlement
- Pyotr Alekseevich Bogdanov Пётр Алексеевич Богданов Architect of NEP industrialization who championed trusts against Glavkist centralization