Socialism with a Human Face
인간의 얼굴을 한 사회주의
The reform slogan and political programme advanced by Alexander Dubček, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in 1968. It aimed to build an advanced socialist society compatible with Czechoslovak democratic traditions through relaxed censorship, freedom of expression and movement, economic decentralization, and a transition toward multiparty government; the phrase was first coined by theorist Radovan Richta. The Warsaw Pact invasion crushed the reforms, and the slogan became a symbol of the limits of democratic reform within Soviet-style socialism.
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Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) Wikipedia article: origin, programme details, Radovan Richta as first author, Action Programme, Warsaw Pact rollback.
- Wikipedia (RU) Russian Wikipedia: Dubček's 18 July 1968 television address, attribution to Richta, broader meaning as democratic socialism.
- notevenpast.org Not Even Past (UT Austin History Department): the programme's goals, Warsaw Pact suppression, and how Czechoslovak Life magazine presented the concept to Western audiences before and after censorship.