The Internationals: a Genealogy of the Socialist Movement

From the First International of 1864 to the late twentieth century: the splits and regroupings of international socialism across five currents, anarchist, social democratic, the common trunk, communist, and dissident communist. Click a node to open its dictionary entry.

1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Anarchist line Social democratic line The common trunk Communist line Dissident communism Hague Congress, 1872 dissolved 1876, refounded 1889 into syndicalism 1914 collapse; the anti-war left regroups the centrists Hamburg merger, 1923 Frankfurt, 1951 the Zimmerwald Left Trotskyists expelled regrouped after the 1943 dissolution pro-Chinese parties secede Soviet authority weakened The International Working Men's Association; split between Marxists and Bakuninists at the Hague Congress of 1872, dissolved 1876FirstInternational1864–1876 Anti-authoritarianInternational1872–1877 Effectively collapsed in 1914 when its main parties voted for their governments' war creditsSecondInternational1889–1916 Therevisionismdebate1896–1903 The massstrikedebate(Luxemburg)1905–1910 The wartime gathering of anti-war internationalists; Lenin's Zimmerwald Left was the seed of the Third InternationalTheZimmerwaldmovement1915–1917 Reshaped its member parties through the Twenty-one Conditions; dissolved by Stalin in 1943Comintern(ThirdInternational)1919–1943 The left excluded from the early Comintern for rejecting parliamentary and trade-union tactics; the target of Lenin's 'Left-Wing' CommunismCouncilcommunism1918–1930년대 The centrist parties that tried to bridge the revived Second International and the CominternViennaUnion (theTwo-and-a-halfInternational)1921–1923 The International Workers' Association refounded in Berlin; the Spanish CNT was its largest sectionAnarcho-syndicalistIWA1922– Labour andSocialistInternational1923–1940 InternationalLeftOpposition1930–1938 FourthInternational1938– Cominform1947–1956 Expelled from the Cominform in 1948; went on to self-management socialism and non-alignmentTito'sseparateroad1948 The postwar international of social democratic parties, refounded with the Frankfurt DeclarationSocialistInternational1951– The International Committee split away in 1953; most sections reunified as the United Secretariat in 1963The FourthInternationalsplits andreunifies1953 / 1963 The Soviet and Chinese parties broke over de-Stalinization and peaceful coexistenceTheSino-Sovietsplit1956–1964 TheinternationalMaoistmovement1960년대– Eurocommunism1970년대–1980년대
succession · split · merger influence antagonism suppression