Currents of Russian Marxism

Sixty years of splits and mergers in Russian Marxism, from Plekhanov's Emancipation of Labour group (1883) to the Fourth International (1938). Click a node to open its dictionary entry or the reference document.

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 Margins Menshevik line Party mainline Inner-party oppositions Trotskyist line, abroad Plekhanov's conversion some early adherents the war question expelled 1909 some rejoined, 1917 joined July 1917 the 1923 debate regrouped abroad after expulsion the collectivization dispute trials and execution after capitulation Sought a socialism based on the peasant commune; the first opponent of Russian Marxism and the milieu it came out ofNarodniks(Populism)1860년대~1880년대 Emancipationof Labour1883–1903 LegalMarxism1894–1901 Held that economic struggle should come before political struggle; Iskra's main polemical targetEconomism1899–1903 RSDLPfounded1898 Iskra1900–1903 Bolsheviks1903– Suppressed during the civil war and effectively outlawed after 1921; the leadership emigratedMensheviks1903–1921 Liquidationism1907–1912 Vperedgroup1909–1913 Mezhraiontsy1913–1917 The Mensheviks divided over support for the warDefencists/Internationalists1914 OctoberRevolution;RCP(b)1917–1918 Formed against the Brest peace; dissolved within the yearLeftCommunists1918 Demanded trade-union management of production; disbanded by the 10th Congress ban on factions (1921)Workers'Opposition1920–1921 LeftOpposition1923–1927 Socialismin onecountry(Stalinmajority)1924– NewOpposition(Leningrad)1925–1926 Alliance of the Left and New Oppositions; expelled and exiled before the 15th Congress (1927)UnitedOpposition1926–1927 RightOpposition(Bukharin)1928–1930 InternationalLeftOpposition1930–1938 'Socialismvictorious'(1936Constitution)1936 GreatPurge: theoppositionsdestroyed1936–1938 FourthInternational1938
succession · split · merger influence antagonism suppression