Socialist who was the Commune's delegate for education, led the Blanquists after exile and helped found the SFIO
Born in Vierzon in 1840, he studied at the École Centrale and the Sorbonne. A reader of Proudhon, he joined the International Workingmen's Association and went to study in Germany in 1866. In the siege he met Blanqui, took part in the risings of 31 October 1870 and 22 January 1871 against the Government of National Defence and co-wrote the Red Poster calling for a Commune. Elected to the Commune council in March 1871, he was its delegate for public education and sought to ban religious teaching in schools. After the Bloody Week he fled to London, where he stood with the Blanquist tendency in the International until breaking with it in 1872. Returning under the amnesty of 1880, he led the Central Revolutionary Committee and then the Revolutionary Socialist Party, and sat as a deputy from 1893 until his death. He helped found the SFIO in 1905 and supported the Union sacrée in 1914.
Also known as: Marie Édouard Vaillant
Activities and affiliations
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1866–1872
International Workingmen's Association (First International)
Social movements and organizing -
1870–1871
Republican Central Committee of the Twenty Arrondissements
Social movements and organizing -
1871
Paris Commune (1871)Commune member and delegate for public educationMain
Government and administration -
1881–1898
Central Revolutionary Committee (CRC, Blanquist)
Political and party leadership -
1893–1915
Legislature and state representation
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1898–1901
Revolutionary Socialist Party (PSR, France, 1898–1901)
Political and party leadership -
1901–1905
Socialist Party of France (PSdF, Guesde–Vaillant, 1902–1905)
Political and party leadership -
1905–1915
French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO)
Political and party leadership
Career Timeline
- 1866Joined the International; studied in Germany
- 1871Co-author of the Red Poster; Commune member and delegate for public education
- 1871–1880Exile in London; Blanquist in the International's General Council
- 1881Leader of the Central Revolutionary Committee
- 1893–1915Deputy for the Seine (20th arrondissement)
- 1905Founder member of the SFIO