Trade unions Liberalism and republicanism United Kingdom United Kingdom 1833–1910 ○ Natural causes

Bricklayer who ran the Reform League in the 1867 reform campaign and later sat as a Lib-Lab MP

Born at Wrington in Somerset in 1833, he worked as a bricklayer and a shoemaker and joined the Chartist movement in 1848. Moving to London in 1854, he joined the Operative Bricklayers' Society in 1859 and helped lead the London builders' strike for a nine-hour day, after which employers blacklisted him for five years. With Applegarth and Potter he was elected to the executive of the London Trades Council in 1861 and became its secretary, and he sat on the General Council of the International. As full-time secretary of the Reform League from 1865 he organised the London demonstrations of 1866 and 1867 and played an important part in the campaign behind the Reform Act of 1867. He became secretary of the Trades Union Congress in 1871 and was Lib-Lab MP for Bethnal Green North East from 1885 to 1895. He wrote The History of the International Working Men's Association (1878). He died in 1910.

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