Director who fought the Catholic Church and promoted theophilanthropy
Born at Montaigu in the Vendée in 1753, he studied law at Angers and Paris and was called to the bar in 1775. Elected to the Estates-General in 1789 and returned to the National Convention for Maine-et-Loire in 1792, he proposed the decree by which France offered help to foreign peoples fighting for liberty. He voted for the death of Louis XVI but kept his distance from the extremists, was proscribed with the Girondins in 1793 and hid until 9 Thermidor. After serving as president of the Convention in July 1795 he headed the list of elected Directors and became president of the Directory. Allied with Reubell against Carnot, he took part in the coup of 18 Fructidor in 1797 and sought to replace Christianity with theophilanthropy. Forced to resign by the coup of 30 Prairial in 1799, he took no further part in public affairs and died in Paris in 1824.
Activities and affiliations
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1795–1799
French First Republic state institutionsDirectorHeads of state and government of FranceMain
Government and administration
Career Timeline
- 1789Deputy to the Estates-General
- 1792Deputy for Maine-et-Loire in the National Convention
- 1792.11.19Proposed the decree offering help to peoples fighting for liberty
- 1793–1794Proscribed with the Girondins; in hiding
- 1795.07President of the National Convention
- 1795.11.01–1799.06.18Director