Leader of the Doctrinaires, the constitutional royalists of the Restoration
Born at Sompuis in the Marne in 1763, he became a lawyer in Paris. He welcomed the Revolution and was secretary of the Paris Commune from 1790 to 1792, sided with the Girondins and went into hiding in 1793. Elected to the Council of Five Hundred in 1797, he was driven out by the coup of Fructidor and then worked secretly for a restoration. He taught philosophy at the Sorbonne from 1811 to 1814. From 1815 he sat as deputy for the Marne and, with Guizot and Rémusat, led the Doctrinaires, constitutional royalists who held to legitimate monarchy and to the social changes of 1789 alike. President of the Chamber in 1828, he fought the crown's reactionary policy and in March 1830 presented the address of the 221. Under the July Monarchy he withdrew from politics, keeping his seat until 1839.
Activities and affiliations
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1790–1792
Paris Commune (1789–1795)Secretary of the Paris Commune
Government and administration -
1797
French First Republic state institutionsMember of the Council of Five Hundred
Legislature and state representation -
1811–1814
Consulate and First Empire state institutionsLecturer in philosophy at the Sorbonne
Scholarship and theory -
1815–1820
French monarchy state institutionsPresident of the commission of public instruction
Education -
1815–1830
French monarchy state institutionsDeputy and President of the ChamberMain
Legislature and state representation -
1830–1839
Legislature and state representation
Career Timeline
- 1790–1792Secretary of the Paris Commune
- 1797Member of the Council of Five Hundred
- 1811–1814Lectures in philosophy at the Sorbonne
- 1815–1839Deputy for the Marne
- 1815–1820President of the commission of public instruction
- 1828President of the Chamber of Deputies