People of the Revolution and the USSR
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Eduard Bernstein Eduard Bernstein
Founder of Marxist revisionism and evolutionary socialism, author of The Preconditions of Socialism
Scholarship and theory · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
1850–1932
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Karl Johann Kautsky Karl Johann Kautsky
Chief theoretician of orthodox Marxism in the Second International, founding editor of Die Neue Zeit, editor of Marx's Capital Vol. IV
Scholarship and theory · Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD)
1854–1938
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Hugo Haase Hugo Haase
Lawyer who founded the USPD against the war and co-chaired the Council of People’s Deputies with Ebert in 1918
Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
1863–1919
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Kurt Eisner Kurt Eisner
Journalist who overthrew the Bavarian monarchy in Munich in November 1918, proclaimed the People’s State and was assassinated the next year
Social movements and organizing · Germany state institutions
1867–1919
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Arthur Crispien Arthur Crispien
German social-democratic politician and co-chair of the Independent Social Democratic Party.
Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
1875–1946
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Paul Levi Paul Levi
From Rosa Luxemburg's lawyer to KPD leader, his 'anti-putschism' took on Comintern adventurism
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1883–1930
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Ernst Reuter Ernst Reuter
The social democrat who became the voice of divided Berlin
Government and administration · Germany state institutions
1889–1953
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Ernst Toller Ernst Toller
German Jewish Expressionist playwright who took part in the Bavarian revolution
Literature and arts · Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD)
1893–1939