People of the Revolution and the USSR
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Pavel Borisovich Axelrod Павел Борисович Аксельрод
Theorist of the mass workers' party: the argument that lost to Lenin's vanguard
Political and party leadership · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
1850–1928
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Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov Георгий Валентинович Плеханов
The father of Russian Marxism: against his own pupils’ revolution
Scholarship and theory · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
1856–1918
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Nikolay Semyonovich Chkheidze Николай Семёнович Чхеидзе
Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet in the dual-power era, face of revolutionary defencism
Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP)
1864–1926
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Viktor Konstantinovich Kurnatovsky Виктор Константинович Курнатовский
One of Russia's first Marxists, from Narodnaya Volya to leader of the 1905 Chita Republic
Social movements and organizing · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
1868–1912
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Yekaterina Dmitriyevna Kuskova Екатерина Дмитриевна Кускова
A publicist who moved between reformist socialism and anti-party politics
Scholarship and theory · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
1869–1958
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Sergei Nikolaevich Prokopovich Сергей Николаевич Прокопович
An economist who analysed the tension between markets and state control
Scholarship and theory · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
1871–1955
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Nikolai Ernestovich Bauman Николай Эрнестович Бауман
The 'Rook' who flew across borders building the Iskra network, and the revolution's first martyr
Social movements and organizing · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks
1873–1905
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Ivan Vasilyevich Babushkin Иван Васильевич Бабушкин
The worker-organizer Iskra trusted most: archetype of the Bolshevik worker
Social movements and organizing · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks
1873–1906
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Alexander Alekseevich Vannovsky Александр Алексеевич Ванновский
A revolutionary who turned to Japanese literature and philosophy
Social movements and organizing · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
1874–1967
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Roman Vatslavovich Malinovsky Роман Вацлавович Малиновский
Bolshevik Central Committee member and Duma leader who was the Okhrana's best-paid spy
Political and party leadership · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks
1876–1918
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Georgy Stepanovich Khrustalev-Nosar Георгий Степанович Носарь
A non-party workers' lawyer elected the first chairman of the Petersburg Soviet in 1905
Social movements and organizing · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
1877–1919
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Stepan Georgiyevich Shaumyan Степан Георгиевич Шаумян
The 'Caucasian Lenin', Marxist theorist of the national question and leader of the Baku Commune
Government and administration · Soviet Union
1878–1918
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Zinovy Yakovlevich Litvin-Sedoy Зиновий Яковлевич Литвин-Седой
Organizer of Presnya’s workers’ fighting squads
Social movements and organizing · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks
1879–1947
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Nikolai Pavlovich Shmit Николай Павлович Шмит
The young furniture-factory heir whose plant became the heart of the Presnya uprising
Industry and production · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
1883–1907
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Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev Фёдор Андреевич Сергеев
Founder and head of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, close friend of Stalin and Kirov
Government and administration · Soviet Union
1883–1921
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Alexandra Petrovna Kim Александра Петровна Ким
The first Korean communist, who gave her life bridging the Russian Revolution and Korean liberation
Political and party leadership · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks
1885–1918
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Vladimir Savelyevich Voitinsky Владимир Савельевич Войтинский
A social democrat who changed course between revolution and economics
Economy, finance and planning · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks
1885–1960
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Semyon Grigoryevich Roshal Семён Григорьевич Рошаль
The 21-year-old commissar who brought Kronstadt sailors to the revolution
Social movements and organizing · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
1896–1917