CommuLingo
People

People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity

Any Political and party leadership 39 Government and administration 13 Legislature and state representation 8 Monarchs and royalty 2 Military command 34 Security, intelligence and policing 10 Diplomacy and international organization 3 Economy, finance and planning 1 Industry and production 1 Ideology and propaganda 4 Social movements and organizing 13 Scholarship and theory 8 Education 1 Science and technology 1 Literature and arts 4 Law and justice 1

Affiliation

Most people

Any Germany state institutionsstate 51 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 26 Nazi party and regime 20 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 18 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 14 Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 5 Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) 4 Comintern 2

All 13 affiliations

East Germany

Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) 4 East Germanystate 1

Germany

Germany state institutionsstate 51 Nazi party and regime 20 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 18 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 26 Communist Party of Germany Opposition (KPO) 2 Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 5 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 14

International organizations

Comintern 2

Poland

Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) 2

Russia

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 1

Soviet Union

Soviet Unionstate 1

Position

Any Counter-revolutionary forces 31 Anarchists 1 Non-Bolshevik socialists 21 Fascists and Nazis 19 Western Marxist theorists 4 Marxism and communism 22 Liberalism and republicanism 1 Conservatism and Christian democracy 6 Monarchy and royalism 3

Citizenship(set)

Any Soviet Union 1325 Russia 203 United States 156 France 129 Germany 106 Hungary 91 United Kingdom 70 China 69 Poland 56 Czechoslovakia 35 Japan 24 East Germany 22 Finland 21 Spain 20 Yugoslavia 20 Italy 18 Romania 18 Estonia 17 Lithuania 16 Vietnam 15 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 13 Greece 11 Angola 10 Austria 10 Latvia 10 Cambodia 9 Ukraine 9 Albania 8 Bulgaria 8 Cuba 8 Yemen 8 Belarus 7 Congo - Brazzaville 7 Czechia 7 Mongolia 7 Afghanistan 6 Ethiopia 6 Turkey 6 Azerbaijan 5 Laos 5 Madagascar 5 Benin 4 Georgia 4 Korea 4 Somalia 4 South Africa 4 Switzerland 4 Uzbekistan 4 Belgium 3 Indonesia 3 Moldova 3 Netherlands 3 Portugal 3 South Korea 3 Trinidad and Tobago 3 Armenia 2 Brazil 2 Chile 2 India 2 Israel 2 Mozambique 2 Argentina 1 Australia 1 Burkina Faso 1 Canada 1 DR Congo 1 Ecuador 1 Egypt 1 El Salvador 1 Ghana 1 Grenada 1 Guyana 1 Iran 1 Ireland 1 Kazakhstan 1 Kyrgyzstan 1 Myanmar 1 Nicaragua 1 Peru 1 Singapore 1 Sweden 1 Tanzania 1 Turkmenistan 1

Background

Any Germany 99 Austria 2 Poland 2 Latvia 1 Russia 1

Era

Any

People of the Soviet Union

People of the Stalin era1929–1953 1

People of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era

The Revolution and the Napoleonic era1774–1830 2

People of the wider world

The age of the Internationals and empires1820–1917 9 The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 78 The Cold War and decolonization1945–현재 15 Scholars of this history1892–현재 1

Citizenship: Germany

106 people

By birth A–Z List Cards

Albert Kesselring Albert Kesselring Nazi field marshal who built the Luftwaffe and directed the defence of Italy Military command · Germany state institutions 1885–1960
Hermann Hoth Hermann Hoth A German general whose armoured successes were inseparable from crimes on the Eastern Front Military command · Germany state institutions 1885–1971
Ernst Bloch Ernst Bloch Philosopher of the not-yet: thinker of concrete utopia and human emancipation in The Principle of Hope Scholarship and theory 1885–1977
Ernst Thälmann Ernst Thälmann Hitler's personal prisoner, unbroken by eleven years in solitary Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1886–1944
Karl Korsch Karl Korsch Co-founder of Western Marxism, the German philosopher who challenged Marxist orthodoxy with Marxism and Philosophy Scholarship and theory · Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1886–1961
Gotthard Heinrici Gotthard Heinrici The Wehrmacht's defensive specialist on the Eastern Front Military command · Germany state institutions 1886–1971
Hugo Eberlein Hugo Eberlein German Communist who abstained on the Comintern’s founding at its first congress and was later shot in the Great Purge Social movements and organizing · Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1887–1941
Heinrich von Vietinghoff Heinrich von Vietinghoff The general who represented Germany's surrender in Italy Military command · Germany state institutions 1887–1952
Erich von Manstein Erich von Manstein Nazi Germany's finest operational strategist and the apex of the 'clean Wehrmacht' myth Military command · Nazi party and regime 1887–1973
Heinz Guderian Heinz Wilhelm Guderian A leading architect of armoured warfare and a general of Nazi Germany Military command · Germany state institutions 1888–1954
Karl Jäger Karl Jäger Commander of Einsatzkommando 3 who directed the murder of Lithuania’s Jews and tallied it in the Jäger Report Security, intelligence and policing · Nazi party and regime 1888–1959
Jakob Kaiser Jakob Kaiser Christian Democrat who led the CDU in the Soviet zone until SMAD removed him, then became West Germany’s minister for all-German affairs Government and administration · Germany state institutions 1888–1961
Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch Commander of the Waffen-SS IX Mountain Corps who led the German forces in the siege of Budapest and refused to surrender Military command · Nazi party and regime 1888–1971
Willi Münzenberg Willi Münzenberg The 'Red Millionaire' who exposed Nazi terror through publishing, the Comintern's greatest propagandist, who broke with Stalin Ideology and propaganda · Comintern 1889–1940
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler Dictator who built a racist war state Political and party leadership · Nazi party and regime 1889–1945
Ernst Reuter Ernst Reuter The social democrat who became the voice of divided Berlin Government and administration · Germany state institutions 1889–1953
Alfred Jodl Alfred Jodl An operational architect of Nazi Germany's war Military command · Germany state institutions 1890–1946
Friedrich Paulus Friedrich Paulus A field commander undone by the collision of orders and reality Military command · Germany state institutions 1890–1957
Walter Model Walter Model Hitler's "fireman" who rushed from crisis to crisis on the Eastern Front, the Wehrmacht's most tenacious defensive commander Military command · Germany state institutions 1891–1945
Helmuth Weidling Helmuth Weidling The final Berlin commander of a collapsing Reich Military command · Germany state institutions 1891–1955
Karl Dönitz Karl Dönitz German naval commander of the U-boat fleet who briefly became head of state after Hitler's death. Military command · Germany state institutions 1891–1980
Walter Benjamin Walter Benjamin Frankfurt School's spectral companion, Marxist critic who dissected capitalist culture through the lens of mechanical reproduction Scholarship and theory 1892–1940
Ernst Toller Ernst Toller German Jewish Expressionist playwright who took part in the Bavarian revolution Literature and arts · Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 1893–1939
Alfred Rosenberg Alfred Rosenberg Baltic German Nazi ideologue from Reval who served as Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories in 1941–1945 Government and administration · Germany state institutions 1893–1946
Hermann Göring Hermann Göring A Luftwaffe chief who organized Nazi war and plunder Political and party leadership · Nazi party and regime 1893–1946
Joachim von Ribbentrop Joachim von Ribbentrop Nazi Germany’s foreign minister, he played a key role in negotiating the German-Soviet nonaggression pact. Diplomacy and international organization · Germany state institutions 1893–1946
Hans von Manteuffel-Szoege Hans Freiherr von Manteuffel-Szoege Baltic Landeswehr strike-troop commander who led the Liepāja coup and fell at Riga Military command 1894–1919
Dietrich von Hugo Hermann Choltitz Dietrich von Choltitz The German general who surrendered Paris rather than destroy it Military command · Nazi party and regime 1894–1966
Friedrich Ebert Jr. Friedrich Ebert junior A social democrat who moved from municipal politics into state power amid Germany's division Political and party leadership · Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) 1894–1979
Rudolf Hess Rudolf Hess Nazi Party leader and Hitler’s deputy, sentenced to life imprisonment at the Nuremberg trials. Political and party leadership · Nazi party and regime 1894–1987
Oskar Dirlewanger Oskar Dirlewanger SS special-unit commander implicated in the Wola massacre Military command · Nazi party and regime 1895–1945
Friedrich Jeckeln Friedrich Jeckeln Higher SS and Police Leader who directed the mass shootings at Kamianets-Podilskyi, Babi Yar and Rumbula Security, intelligence and policing · Nazi party and regime 1895–1946
Kurt Schumacher Kurt Schumacher SPD leader who survived ten years in Nazi camps and, after the war, refused the merger with the Communists Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1895–1952
Ruth Fischer Ruth Fischer First woman to lead a major European communist party, and its sharpest anti-Stalinist apostate Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1895–1961
Erich Gniffke Erich Gniffke SPD organiser in the Soviet zone who signed the merger with the KPD, then left the SED in 1948 and fled west Social movements and organizing · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1895–1964
Hinrich Lohse Hinrich Lohse Nazi Gauleiter of Schleswig-Holstein who, as Reichskommissar for Ostland in 1941–1944, ordered the ghettoisation and expropriation of Jews Government and administration · Germany state institutions 1896–1964
Joseph Goebbels Joseph Goebbels Nazi Party propaganda chief and minister who promoted antisemitism and dictatorship. Ideology and propaganda · Germany state institutions 1897–1945
Ludwig Erhard Ludwig Erhard The West German economic statesman who shaped currency reform and the social market economy Economy, finance and planning · Germany state institutions 1897–1977
Bertolt Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht Bertolt Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht Marxist playwright who weaponized theatre for class struggle through epic theatre and the Verfremdungseffekt Literature and arts · Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 1898–1956
Walter Stahlecker Walter Stahlecker SS officer who led Einsatzgruppe A in 1941, instigating the Kaunas pogrom and directing the murder of Baltic Jews Security, intelligence and policing · Nazi party and regime 1900–1942
Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Himmler A principal architect of the Nazi racial state Security, intelligence and policing · Nazi party and regime 1900–1945
Otto Braun Otto Braun “Li De”, the only Westerner on the Long March and the Comintern military adviser blamed at Zunyi Military command · Comintern 1900–1974
Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff A senior Nazi SS coordinator who became a late-war negotiating envoy Security, intelligence and policing · Nazi party and regime 1900–1984
Erich Ollenhauer Erich Ollenhauer Exiled SPD functionary who succeeded Schumacher as SPD leader and leader of the West German opposition Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1901–1963
Heinz Reinefarth Heinz Reinefarth The SS general who commanded the repression of the Warsaw Uprising Military command · Nazi party and regime 1903–1979
Reinhard Heydrich Reinhard Heydrich Nazi official who led SS intelligence and police agencies in implementing the Holocaust. Security, intelligence and policing · Germany state institutions 1904–1942
Edmund Veesenmayer Edmund Veesenmayer SS diplomat who, as Reich plenipotentiary in Hungary in 1944, pressed the Hungarian government to deport its Jews to Auschwitz Diplomacy and international organization · Germany state institutions 1904–1977
Ruth Rewald Ruth Rewald Exiled writer who recorded children’s experiences of the Spanish war Literature and arts 1906–1942
Adolf Eichmann Adolf Eichmann SS officer who ran the deportation of Europe’s Jews to the death camps and in 1944 oversaw that of Hungary’s Jews to Auschwitz Security, intelligence and policing · Nazi party and regime 1906–1962
Annamarie Doherr Annamarie Doherr The West German journalist whose question drew Ulbricht's 'No one intends to build a wall' Literature and arts 1909–1974

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