CommuLingo
People

People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity(set)

Any Political and party leadership 64 Government and administration 31 Legislature and state representation 10 Military command 3 Diplomacy and international organization 6 Economy, finance and planning 3 Agriculture and land policy 1 Ideology and propaganda 3 Social movements and organizing 20 Scholarship and theory 14 Education 2 Literature and arts 5 Religion 1 Law and justice 3

Affiliation

Most people

Any Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 12 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 12 Mensheviks (RSDLP) 8 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 8 French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 6 Labour Party (United Kingdom) 4 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 3 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 3

All 26 affiliations

Australia

Australian Labor Party (ALP) 1

Austria

Austria state institutions 1

Belgium

Belgium state institutions 1

East Germany

Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) 2

Finland

Social Democratic Party of Finland 2

France

France state institutions 1 French Workers' Party (POF) 2 French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 6

Georgia

Georgia state institutions 1

Germany

Germany state institutions 1 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 2 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 12 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 3

Hungary

Hungary state institutions 2 Hungarian Social Democratic Party (MSZDP) 2

International organizations

Comintern 1

Italy

Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 2

Poland

Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 1

Russia

Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 12 Party of Left Socialist Revolutionaries 1 Mensheviks (RSDLP) 8 General Jewish Labour Bund 1 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 8

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1

Spain

Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 3

United Kingdom

Labour Party (United Kingdom) 4

Position(set)

Any Imperial establishment and White movement 13 Counter-revolutionary forces 20 Left critics of Bolshevism 26 Socialist-bloc reform leader 28 Dissident 11 Non-Bolshevik socialists 64 Narodniks 4 Jacobins and French revolutionary radicals 9 Fascists and Nazis 10 National liberation and anti-colonial movements 23 Western Marxist theorists 3 Marxism and communism 382 Liberalism and republicanism 15 Conservatism and Christian democracy 15 Monarchy and royalism 4 Agrarianism and peasant parties 4 Nationalism 18

Citizenship

Any Germany 15 Russia 14 France 7 Soviet Union 5 United Kingdom 5 Georgia 3 Spain 3 Austria 2 Finland 2 Hungary 2 Romania 2 Belgium 1 Italy 1 Poland 1 United States 1

Background

Any Russia 18 Germany 15 France 6 United Kingdom 5 Georgia 4 Spain 3 Austria 2 Finland 2 Hungary 2 Moldova 2 Belgium 1 Cuba 1 Italy 1 Poland 1 Turkey 1

Era

Any

People of the Soviet Union

The old regime and its challengers1905–1917 14 The revolutionary generation1917–1940 1 People of the Stalin era1929–1953 1

People of the wider world

The age of the Internationals and empires1820–1917 13 The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 27 The Cold War and decolonization1945–현재 8

Political and party leadership Non-Bolshevik socialists Clear all

64 people

By birth A–Z List Cards

Wilhelm Liebknecht Wilhelm Liebknecht Co-founder of the Eisenach party and drafter of the Gotha Programme Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1826–1900
August Bebel August Bebel Co-founder of the SPD who led the German workers' movement for over 40 years, the 'shadow emperor' of the working class Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1840–1913
Paul Lafargue Paul Lafargue Marx's son-in-law, author of The Right to Be Lazy, first socialist deputy in the French parliament Political and party leadership · French Workers' Party (POF) 1842–1911
Jules Guesde Jules Guesde Veteran founder of French Marxist socialism who entered the Union sacrée government in 1914 Political and party leadership · France state institutions 1845–1922
Mark Andreyevich Natanson Марк Андреевич Натансон The great unifier of the Russian revolutionary movement, from the Chaikovtsy to the Left SRs Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1850–1919
Pavel Borisovich Axelrod Павел Борисович Аксельрод Theorist of the mass workers' party: the argument that lost to Lenin's vanguard Political and party leadership · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 1850–1928
Victor Adler Victor Adler Founder and leader of Austrian Social Democracy who could not stop the war in 1914 and backed it Political and party leadership 1852–1918
Keir Hardie Keir Hardie Former miner who founded the British Labour Party and opposed the First World War to the end, urging an anti-war general strike Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom) 1856–1915
Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov Георгий Валентинович Плеханов The father of Russian Marxism: against his own pupils’ revolution Scholarship and theory · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 1856–1918
Jean Jaurès Jean Jaurès French socialist leader who united the left, founded L'Humanité, and was assassinated fighting to prevent the Great War Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 1859–1914
Carl Legien Carl Legien German trade-union leader who signed the 1918 agreement with Stinnes and met the Kapp Putsch of 1920 with a general strike Social movements and organizing · Independent activity 1861–1920
Marcel Sembat Marcel Sembat French Socialist deputy who joined the Union sacrée government as Minister of Public Works in 1914 Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 1862–1922
Hugo Haase Hugo Haase Lawyer who founded the USPD against the war and co-chaired the Council of People’s Deputies with Ebert in 1918 Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1863–1919
Arthur Henderson Arthur Henderson British Labour organizer and politician who led the international disarmament effort. Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom) 1863–1935
Nikolay Semyonovich Chkheidze Николай Семёнович Чхеидзе Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet in the dual-power era, face of revolutionary defencism Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP) 1864–1926
Ramsay MacDonald Ramsay MacDonald Politician who gave up the Labour chairmanship in 1914 over war credits and later became Britain’s first Labour prime minister Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom) 1866–1937
Émile Vandervelde Émile Vandervelde Chairman of the International Socialist Bureau who led the Second International and joined Belgium’s wartime government in 1914 Political and party leadership · Belgium state institutions 1866–1938
Józef Piłsudski Józef Piłsudski The soldier-politician who began as a socialist, became Head of State of reborn Poland, broke the Red Army's westward drive at Warsaw in 1920, and later ruled through a coup-built authoritarian regime Government and administration · Poland state institutions 1867–1935
Noe Zhordania ნოე ჟორდანია Leader of the Georgian Mensheviks who headed the government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918–1921 Political and party leadership · Georgia state institutions 1868–1953
Alexander Nikolayevich Potresov Александр Николаевич Потресов One of the six who built Iskra: the Menshevik theorist who parted with Lenin Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP) 1869–1934
Francisco Largo Caballero Francisco Largo Caballero The UGT worker-leader they called the Spanish Lenin, a prime minister broken between revolution and war Government and administration · Spanish Republic state institutions 1869–1946
Grigory Andreyevich Gershuni Григорий Андреевич Гершуни The 'Tiger of the Revolution' who founded the SR Combat Organization Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1870–1908
Julián Besteiro Julián Besteiro PSOE right-wing leader, Speaker of the Cortes; joined Casado's coup, refused exile, and died in Franco's prison Political and party leadership · Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 1870–1940
Gustav Bauer Gustav Bauer Social Democratic chancellor whose government accepted the Treaty of Versailles under an Allied ultimatum Political and party leadership · Germany state institutions 1870–1944
Karl Renner Karl Renner Austrian Social Democratic leader who signed the Treaty of Saint-Germain and founded the Second Republic in 1945 Political and party leadership · Austria state institutions 1870–1950
Friedrich Ebert Friedrich Ebert SPD leader who headed the revolutionary government of 1918, steered the councils into parliamentary democracy and became the first president Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1871–1925
Fyodor Ilyich Dan Фёдор Ильич Дан Menshevism's theoretical pillar who stood for democratic socialism against Lenin Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP) 1871–1947
Giacinto Menotti Serrati Giacinto Menotti Serrati Italian Socialist leader who took his party into the Comintern but refused to expel the reformists, causing the Livorno split of 1921 Political and party leadership · Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 1872–1926
Léon Blum Léon Blum France's first Socialist prime minister, who left behind paid holidays and the 40-hour week Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 1872–1950
Julius Osipovich Martov Юлий Осипович Мартов Lenin’s oldest friend and most principled adversary Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP) 1873–1923
Gyula Peidl Peidl Gyula Printer and Social Democratic leader who headed the six-day “trade-union government” after the fall of the Soviet Republic Political and party leadership · Hungary state institutions 1873–1943
Victor Mikhailovich Chernov Виктор Михайлович Чернов Founder and chief theoretician of the Socialist Revolutionary Party Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1873–1952
Oskari Tokoi Oskari Tokoi Finnish labour leader who became the world’s first Social Democratic head of government and then joined the Red government Government and administration · Finland state institutions 1873–1963
Arthur Crispien Arthur Crispien German social-democratic politician and co-chair of the Independent Social Democratic Party. Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1875–1946
Hermann Müller Hermann Müller A Social Democratic politician of the Weimar Republic who served twice as chancellor. Government and administration · Germany state institutions 1876–1931
Nikolai Dmitriyevich Avksentiev Николай Дмитриевич Авксентьев SR Party founder who chaired the last unified anti-Bolshevik government, overthrown by Kolchak Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1878–1943
Angelica Isaakovna Balabanova Анжелика Исааковна Балабанова The Comintern's first secretary, who taught Mussolini and branded him traitor Political and party leadership · Comintern 1878–1965
Boris Savinkov Борис Савинков Terrorist, Counter-Revolutionary: the Black Horse of the Revolution Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1879–1925
Sándor Garbai Garbai Sándor Bricklayer turned Social Democrat who chaired the Revolutionary Governing Council of the Hungarian Soviet Republic Political and party leadership · Hungary state institutions 1879–1947
Mikhail Isaakovich Liber Михаил Исаакович Либер A Menshevik who defended the revolution against its Bolshevik direction Political and party leadership · General Jewish Labour Bund 1880–1937
Vladimir Mikhailovich Zenzinov Владимир Михайлович Зензинов A Socialist Revolutionary who defended democratic socialism through exile and testimony Literature and arts · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1880–1953
Evgeni Gegechkori ევგენი გეგეჭკორი Menshevik politician who chaired the Transcaucasian Commissariat and became foreign minister of the Democratic Republic of Georgia Diplomacy and international organization · Georgia state institutions 1881–1954
Irakli Georgievich Tsereteli ირაკლი წერეთელი Architect of Revolutionary Defencism and the man to whom Lenin replied, 'There is such a party!' Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP) 1881–1959
Väinö Alfred Tanner Väinö Alfred Tanner The Social Democratic realist who faced Stalin as Finland's Winter War foreign minister, rising from the cooperative movement Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Finland 1881–1966
Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky Александр Фёдорович Керенский The orator ground away between revolution and counter-revolution Government and administration · Russian Empire state institutions 1881–1970
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mazurin Владимир Владимирович Мазурин Combat commander of the Moscow uprising and founding leader of the Maximalist SRs Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1882–1906
Abram Rafailovich Gots Абрам Рафаилович Гоц SR Combat Organization veteran who chaired the first-convocation VTsIK in 1917 Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1882–1940
Paul Levi Paul Levi From Rosa Luxemburg's lawyer to KPD leader, his 'anti-putschism' took on Comintern adventurism Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1883–1930
Clement Attlee Clement Attlee The laconic reformer who replaced Churchill mid-Potsdam and built Britain's postwar welfare state Government and administration · United Kingdom state institutions 1883–1967
Ion Inculeț Ion Inculeț Bessarabian politician who presided over Sfatul Țării and the Moldavian Democratic Republic and saw through its union with Romania Legislature and state representation · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1884–1940

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