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People of the Revolution and the USSR
Activity(set)
Affiliation
Position
Citizenship
Background
Era
People of the Soviet Union
People of the Chinese revolution and the People’s Republic
People of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era
People of the wider world
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Nikolai Mikhaylovich Kishkin Николай Михайлович Кишкин
The Kadet minister named special plenipotentiary to save Petrograd on the day of the October Revolution
Government and administration · Russian Empire state institutions
1864–1930
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Feliks Yakovlevich Kon Феликс Яковлевич Кон
From Warsaw boy patriot to Comintern old revolutionary: the Pole who returned in the sealed train
Political and party leadership · Soviet Union state institutions
1864–1941
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Ernst Friedrich Däumig Ernst Friedrich Däumig
German socialist and a leading figure in the workers’ council movement.
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1866–1922
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Julian Józefowicz Marchlewski Julian Marchlewski
A Pole who passed through the German and Russian revolutions and tried to bring revolution home
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1866–1925
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Sun Yat-sen 孙中山
Founding father of the Republic of China who framed the Three Principles of the People and the first united front
Political and party leadership · Kuomintang
1866–1925
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Alikhan Bukeikhanov Әлихан Бөкейхан
Kazakh politician who founded the Alash party and led the Alash Orda government in 1917–1920
Political and party leadership · Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets)
1866–1937
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Ramsay MacDonald Ramsay MacDonald
Politician who gave up the Labour chairmanship in 1914 over war credits and later became Britain’s first Labour prime minister
Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom)
1866–1937
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Émile Vandervelde Émile Vandervelde
Chairman of the International Socialist Bureau who led the Second International and joined Belgium’s wartime government in 1914
Political and party leadership · Belgium state institutions
1866–1938
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Leo Jogiches Leo Jogiches
The revolution's underground organizer, always behind the scenes, until he had to lead
Political and party leadership · Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL)
1867–1919
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Józef Piłsudski Józef Piłsudski
The soldier-politician who began as a socialist, became Head of State of reborn Poland, broke the Red Army's westward drive at Warsaw in 1920, and later ruled through a coup-built authoritarian regime
Government and administration · Poland state institutions
1867–1935
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Tserendorj Цэрэндорж
First prime minister of the Mongolian People's Republic, diplomat of the old regime
Government and administration · Mongolia state institutions
1868–1928
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Filipp Yeseyevich Makharadze ფილიპე იესეს ძე მახარაძე
The Bolshevik elder removed by Stalin for trying to Sovietize Georgia gently
Political and party leadership · Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
1868–1941
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Charles Maurras Charles Maurras
The brain of Action Française, the royalist theorist who denied the republic itself in the name of integral nationalism
Political and party leadership · Action Française
1868–1952
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Jaan Tõnisson Jaan Tõnisson
Estonian prime minister who concluded the Treaty of Tartu, publisher of Postimees
Political and party leadership
1868–1941?
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Noe Zhordania ნოე ჟორდანია
Leader of the Georgian Mensheviks who headed the government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918–1921
Political and party leadership · Georgia state institutions
1868–1953
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Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin Григорий Ефимович Распутин
The Siberian “holy man” who reached the imperial bedchamber
Political and party leadership · Russian Empire state institutions
1869–1916
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Alexander Nikolayevich Potresov Александр Николаевич Потресов
One of the six who built Iskra: the Menshevik theorist who parted with Lenin
Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP)
1869–1934
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Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya Надежда Константиновна Крупская
She built the Soviet school and library system from the shadow of her husband
Education · Soviet Union state institutions
1869–1939
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Neville Chamberlain Neville Chamberlain
The appeasement architect whose bid to avoid war helped open the way to it
Political and party leadership · Conservative Party (United Kingdom)
1869–1940
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Francisco Largo Caballero Francisco Largo Caballero
The UGT worker-leader they called the Spanish Lenin, a prime minister broken between revolution and war
Government and administration · Spanish Republic state institutions
1869–1946
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Marcel Cachin Marcel Cachin
Leader who took the SFIO majority into the Comintern at Tours in 1920, founding the French Communist Party, and ran L’Humanité
Political and party leadership · French Communist Party (PCF)
1869–1958
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Grigory Andreyevich Gershuni Григорий Андреевич Гершуни
The 'Tiger of the Revolution' who founded the SR Combat Organization
Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR)
1870–1908
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Vladimir Mitrofanovich Purishkevich Владимир Митрофанович Пуришкевич
The far-right monarchist who hurled water glasses in the Duma and shot Rasputin
Political and party leadership
1870–1920
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Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Владимир Ильич Ленин
The helmsman who changed course at every fork
Political and party leadership · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks
1870–1924
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Leonid Borisovich Krasin Леонид Борисович Красин
From revolutionary engineer to Soviet diplomatic architect, the only Bolshevik who could do business with Western capital
Economy, finance and planning · Soviet Union state institutions
1870–1926
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Fernand Loriot Fernand Loriot
French socialist and teachers’ union activist who led the Committee for the Third International
Social movements and organizing · Comintern
1870–1932
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Julián Besteiro Julián Besteiro
PSOE right-wing leader, Speaker of the Cortes; joined Casado's coup, refused exile, and died in Franco's prison
Political and party leadership · Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
1870–1940
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Gustav Bauer Gustav Bauer
Social Democratic chancellor whose government accepted the Treaty of Versailles under an Allied ultimatum
Political and party leadership · Germany state institutions
1870–1944
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Pyotr Berngardovich Struve Пётр Бернгардович Струве
From Marxism through liberalism to conservative anti-Bolshevism: the thinker who traced the arc of a Russian intelligentsia
Scholarship and theory · Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets)
1870–1944
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Jan Smuts Jan Christian Smuts
Soldier-statesman who was twice prime minister of the Union of South Africa and went to Budapest as the Entente’s envoy in April 1919
Political and party leadership · South Africa state institutions
1870–1950
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Karl Renner Karl Renner
Austrian Social Democratic leader who signed the Treaty of Saint-Germain and founded the Second Republic in 1945
Political and party leadership · Austria state institutions
1870–1950
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Karl Liebknecht Karl Liebknecht
The lone vote against the war; the revolution's first martyr
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1871–1919
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Rosa Luxemburg Rosa Luxemburg
“Freedom is always the freedom of the one who thinks differently”
Social movements and organizing · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1871–1919
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Friedrich Ebert Friedrich Ebert
SPD leader who headed the revolutionary government of 1918, steered the councils into parliamentary democracy and became the first president
Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
1871–1925
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Dénes Berinkey Berinkey Dénes
Last prime minister of the Hungarian People’s Republic, who resigned with his cabinet over the Vix note
Political and party leadership · Hungary state institutions
1871–1944
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Fyodor Ilyich Dan Фёдор Ильич Дан
Menshevism's theoretical pillar who stood for democratic socialism against Lenin
Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP)
1871–1947
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Gyula Károlyi Károlyi Gyula
Conservative aristocrat who set up the counter-revolutionary government in Szeged in 1919 and was prime minister of Hungary in 1931–1932
Political and party leadership · Hungary state institutions
1871–1947
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Stanisław Grabski Stanisław Grabski
An Endecja theorist who pressed for a Polish nation-state
Political and party leadership · Polish Socialist Party (PPS)
1871–1949
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Giacinto Menotti Serrati Giacinto Menotti Serrati
Italian Socialist leader who took his party into the Comintern but refused to expel the reformists, causing the Livorno split of 1921
Political and party leadership · Italian Socialist Party (PSI)
1872–1926
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Léon Blum Léon Blum
France's first Socialist prime minister, who left behind paid holidays and the 40-hour week
Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO)
1872–1950
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Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai Александра Михайловна Коллонтай
The first woman cabinet minister, who made women's liberation the revolution's business
Diplomacy and international organization · Soviet Union state institutions
1872–1952
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Moisei Solomonovich Uritsky Моисей Соломонович Урицкий
The Petrograd Cheka chairman who resisted the terror, and became its trigger
Security, intelligence and policing · Soviet Union state institutions
1873–1918
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Julius Osipovich Martov Юлий Осипович Мартов
Lenin’s oldest friend and most principled adversary
Political and party leadership · Mensheviks (RSDLP)
1873–1923
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Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov Александр Александрович Богданов
The man who made Lenin furious over philosophy, then died swapping his own blood: a forerunner of cybernetics
Political and party leadership · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks
1873–1928
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Yi Dong-hwi 이동휘
Pioneer of Korean communism who fused the Bolshevik revolution with national liberation against Japanese rule
Political and party leadership
1873–1935
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Christian Georgievich Rakovsky Христиан Георгиевич Раковский
From Balkan revolutionary to head of Soviet Ukraine: the diplomat who became an opposition theorist
Government and administration · Soviet Ukraine state institutions
1873–1941
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Gyula Peidl Peidl Gyula
Printer and Social Democratic leader who headed the six-day “trade-union government” after the fall of the Soviet Republic
Political and party leadership · Hungary state institutions
1873–1943
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Victor Mikhailovich Chernov Виктор Михайлович Чернов
Founder and chief theoretician of the Socialist Revolutionary Party
Political and party leadership · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR)
1873–1952
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Iuliu Maniu Iuliu Maniu
Leader of the National Peasant Party who led Transylvania's union with Romania, sentenced to life in 1947 and dead in Sighet prison
Political and party leadership
1873–1953
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Oskari Tokoi Oskari Tokoi
Finnish labour leader who became the world’s first Social Democratic head of government and then joined the Red government
Government and administration · Finland state institutions
1873–1963