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People of the Revolution and the USSR
Activity
Affiliation
Position
Citizenship
Background(set)
Era
People of the Soviet Union
People of the wider world
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Charles E. Eustis Bohlen Charles E. Bohlen
The State Department Soviet expert who turned Kennan's and Clayton's policy memos into Marshall's Harvard speech
Diplomacy and international organization · United States state institutions
1904–1974
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George F. Kennan George F. Kennan
The American diplomat and historian whose 1946 Long Telegram and X article laid the intellectual foundations of containment
Scholarship and theory
1904–2005
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William H. Tunner William H. Tunner
Architect of large-scale airlift operations
Military command · United States state institutions
1906–1983
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Curtis E. LeMay Curtis LeMay
The Air Force general who firebombed Japan and urged nuclear war on his adversaries
Military command · United States state institutions
1906–1990
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James Webb James Edwin Webb
The administrator who organized Apollo
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1906–1992
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Ernest Gross Ernest A. Gross
An international lawyer who worked the UN’s procedures
Diplomacy and international organization · United States state institutions
1906–1999
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Paul Nitze Paul Nitze
A Cold War strategist who moved between nuclear buildup and arms control
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1907–2004
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Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson
A Cold War president caught between reform and war
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1908–1973
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Edward Geary Lansdale Edward Lansdale
The Mongoose architect whose six-phase Cuba overthrow plan convinced the Soviets invasion was coming
Security, intelligence and policing · United States state institutions
1908–1987
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Dean Rusk Dean Rusk
A Cold War diplomat who built containment through international coalitions
Diplomacy and international organization · United States state institutions
1909–1994
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George Ball George Ball
The Under Secretary who stopped an airstrike on Cuba with the Pearl Harbor analogy, then alone opposed escalation in Vietnam
Diplomacy and international organization · United States state institutions
1909–1994
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Ronald Wilson Reagan Ronald Reagan
The Cold War's last American president, who genuinely believed in nuclear abolition but would not yield on SDI
Political and party leadership · United States state institutions
1911–2004
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Henry M. Jackson Henry M. Jackson
A hawkish Democratic senator who tied Soviet trade status to Jewish emigration
Political and party leadership · United States state institutions
1912–1983
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Richard Milhous Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon
The Cold Warrior who opened détente with Moscow and Beijing, then became the only U.S. president to resign
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1913–1994
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Gerald Ford Gerald Ford
The unelected president who steered détente into its final phase
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1913–2006
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Charles Vanik Charles Vanik
The congressman who made emigration a condition of trade
Economy, finance and planning · United States state institutions
1913–2007
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Gerard Smith Gerard C. Smith
A negotiator of the nuclear age
Diplomacy and international organization · United States state institutions
1914–1994
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William Westmoreland William Westmoreland
US Army general who commanded American forces in South Vietnam from 1964 to 1968 and pursued a strategy of attrition measured by body count
Military command · United States state institutions
1914–2005
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Arthur Lundahl Arthur C. Lundahl
The founding father of photo interpretation whose analysts spotted Soviet missiles in Cuba and triggered the crisis
Security, intelligence and policing · United States state institutions
1915–1992
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Robert McNamara Robert McNamara
The quantitative defense secretary who led the Vietnam War and helped prevent nuclear war in the Cuban Missile Crisis
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1916–2009
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John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy
The youngest U.S. president, who took the world to the brink of nuclear war and back
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1917–1963
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Arthur M. Schlesinger Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
A liberal historian who became an insider chronicler of power
Scholarship and theory
1917–2007
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McGeorge Bundy McGeorge Bundy
The National Security Advisor who chose not to wake the president on the first night of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Security, intelligence and policing · United States state institutions
1919–1996
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Walter Stoessel Walter Stoessel
A career diplomat who worked the front lines of détente
Diplomacy and international organization · United States state institutions
1920–1986
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George Pratt Shultz George Shultz
The Secretary of State who pushed Reagan toward dialogue with Gorbachev and helped end the Cold War
Diplomacy and international organization · United States state institutions
1920–2021
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Gail Halvorsen Gail Halvorsen
An airman whose small act of kindness became an international symbol
Military command · United States state institutions
1920–2022
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Gabriel Jackson Gabriel Jackson
An American historian who interpreted the Spanish Republic and Civil War
Scholarship and theory
1921–2019
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Martin Edward Malia Martin Edward Malia
A historian who forecast the Soviet collapse
Scholarship and theory
1924–2004
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Stuart Schram Stuart R. Schram
Pioneer of Mao studies, author of The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung and editor of the ten-volume Mao’s Road to Power
Scholarship and theory
1924–2012
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George H. W. Herbert Walker Bush George H. W. Bush
The US president who declared the Cold War over with Gorbachev at Malta, yet whose caution nearly let history slip away
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1924–2018
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Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter
The 39th U.S. president whose administration marked both the peak and the end of détente
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1924–2024
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Robert F. Francis Kennedy Robert F. Kennedy
The president's brother and attorney general who engineered the secret settlement of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Law and justice · United States state institutions
1925–1968
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Brent Scowcroft Brent Scowcroft
A cautious strategist at the Cold War's end
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1925–2020
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Robert Vincent Daniels Robert Vincent Daniels
A historian who traced revolutionary pluralism and the making of Stalinism
Scholarship and theory
1926–2010
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Richard Heyser Richard Heyser
The U-2 pilot whose six-minute, 928-photo run over Cuba on 14 October 1962 revealed Soviet missiles and ignited the Cuban Missile Crisis
Military command · United States state institutions
1927–2008
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Ted Sorensen Ted Sorensen
Kennedy's speechwriter whose pen chose 'quarantine' over airstrikes at the nuclear brink
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1928–2010
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Jack Foust Matlock Jack Matlock
Reagan's NSC Soviet expert who assembled the 'Soviet 101' briefing papers and the last US ambassador to the USSR
Diplomacy and international organization · United States state institutions
1929–
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Vladimir Treml Vladimir Treml
A scholar who quantified the Soviet economy's hidden flows
Scholarship and theory
1929–2018
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James Baker James Baker
The pragmatic diplomat who engineered the Cold War's final transition
Diplomacy and international organization · United States state institutions
1930–
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Maurice Meisner Maurice Meisner
Historian whose Mao’s China and After judged the Chinese revolution critically from within the Marxist tradition
Scholarship and theory
1931–2012
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Robert Owen Paxton Robert Owen Paxton
The historian who recast Vichy collaboration
Scholarship and theory
1932–
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Leonard H. Perroots Leonard H. Perroots
An intelligence officer whose restraint mattered at the nuclear brink
Security, intelligence and policing · United States state institutions
1933–2017
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Theodore Merrill Vestal Theodore Vestal
U.S. political scientist and Ethiopia specialist
Scholarship and theory
1933–2023
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Alexander Yevgenyevich Rabinowitch Alexander Evgen'evich Rabinowitch
The revisionist historian who overturned the Cold War coup thesis with archival evidence
Scholarship and theory
1934–2026
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Stanley G. Payne Stanley G. Payne
America's most prominent historian arguing the Second Republic's radicalization brought on the Spanish Civil War
Scholarship and theory
1934–
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Ronald Radosh Ronald Radosh
A historian whose break with communism led to conservative anti-communism
Scholarship and theory
1937–
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Stephen F. Frand Cohen Stephen F. Cohen
American Russia scholar who argued through Bukharin's biography that the Soviet Union had reformable alternatives and collapse was avoidable
Scholarship and theory
1938–2020
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Graham Allison Graham Allison
Political scientist whose analysis of the Cuban Missile Crisis reshaped the study of foreign-policy decision-making
Scholarship and theory
1940–
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John Lewis Gaddis John Lewis Gaddis
The post-revisionist historian who, after the Soviet archives opened, argued Stalin bore primary responsibility for the Cold War
Scholarship and theory
1941–
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Paul R. Gregory Paul R. Gregory
An economic historian who traced the bureaucracy of Soviet planning
Scholarship and theory
1941–