CommuLingo
People

People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity

Any Political and party leadership 28 Government and administration 11 Military command 3 Security, intelligence and policing 3 Diplomacy and international organization 2 Economy, finance and planning 9 Social movements and organizing 9 Scholarship and theory 8 Science and technology 2 Literature and arts 1 Law and justice 2

Affiliation

Most people

Any Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 23 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) 8 Hungary state institutions 7 Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 7 Soviet Union state institutions 7 Czechoslovakia state institutions 5 Russian Federation state institutions 5 Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) 5

All 32 affiliations

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan state institutions 1

Bulgaria

Bulgaria state institutions 1 Bulgarian Communist Party (BKP) 1

Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia state institutions 5 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) 8 Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party 1

East Germany

East Germany state institutions 1

Estonia

Estonia state institutions 1 Popular Front of Estonia (Rahvarinne) 1

Hungary

Hungary state institutions 7 Party of Communists in Hungary (KMP) 3 Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) 5 Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSzMP) 5 Hungarian Social Democratic Party (MSZDP) 2

Latvia

Popular Front of Latvia 1

Lithuania

Lithuania state institutions 2 Sąjūdis (Reform Movement of Lithuania) 1

Poland

Poland state institutions 3 Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 7 Solidarity (Solidarność) 2 Workers' Defence Committee (KOR) 1 Free Trade Unions of the Coast (WZZ) 1 Communist Party of Poland (KPP) 1 Polish Workers' Party (PPR) 3 Freedom Union (Poland) 4 Democratic Union (Poland) 3

Romania

Romania state institutions 2 Romanian Communist Party (PCR) 1

Russia

Russian Federation state institutions 5 Our Home – Russia 1

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 23 Soviet Union state institutions 7

Position(set)

Any Imperial establishment and White movement 72 Counter-revolutionary forces 164 Left critics of Bolshevism 54 Socialist-bloc reform leader 63 Dissident 44 Anarchists 19 Non-Bolshevik socialists 109 Narodniks 18 Jacobins and French revolutionary radicals 19 Fascists and Nazis 38 National liberation and anti-colonial movements 35 Russian revolutionary democrats 6 Western Marxist theorists 15 Marxism and communism 1524 Early socialism 4 Revolutionary socialism 4 Liberalism and republicanism 38 Conservatism and Christian democracy 36 Monarchy and royalism 26 Agrarianism and peasant parties 8 Nationalism 40

Citizenship

Any Soviet Union 20 Poland 12 Hungary 8 Czechoslovakia 6 Estonia 3 Lithuania 3 Czechia 2 Romania 2 Russia 2 Azerbaijan 1 Bulgaria 1 East Germany 1 Georgia 1 Latvia 1

Background

Any Russia 17 Poland 12 Hungary 8 Czechoslovakia 4 Estonia 4 Czechia 3 Lithuania 3 Armenia 2 Romania 2 Ukraine 2 Azerbaijan 1 Bulgaria 1 East Germany 1 Georgia 1 Latvia 1 Slovakia 1

Era

Any

People of the Soviet Union

People of the thaw and the stagnation1953–1985 5 The last generation1985–1991 26

People of the wider world

The Cold War and decolonization1945–현재 32

Socialist-bloc reform leader

63 people

By birth A–Z List Cards

Imre Nagy Nagy Imre Premier for thirteen days Government and administration · Hungary state institutions 1896–1958
Yevsei Grigoryevich Liberman Евсей Григорьевич Либерман Theoretical catalyst of the 1965 Soviet economic reform Scholarship and theory 1897–1981
Alexei Vladimirovich Snegov Алексей Владимирович Снегов An Old Bolshevik survivor who pressed the Soviet leadership toward de-Stalinization Political and party leadership · Soviet Union state institutions 1898–1989
Alexei Matveyevich Rumyantsev Алексей Матвеевич Румянцев The political economist who opened Khrushchev's economic debate, and institutional founder of Soviet sociology Scholarship and theory · Soviet Union state institutions 1905–1993
Stefan Staszewski Stefan Staszewski The PZPR Warsaw first secretary whose unauthorized print run of 15,000 copies broke Khrushchev's Secret Speech out of party control Political and party leadership · Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 1906–1989
Josef Pavel Josef Pavel Prague Spring interior minister whose security reforms were undermined by KGB subversion and internal betrayal Security, intelligence and policing · Czechoslovakia state institutions 1908–1973
František Kriegel František Kriegel The only Prague Spring leader who refused to sign the Moscow Protocol Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) 1908–1979
Josef Smrkovský Josef Smrkovský The purge victim who returned to become the Prague Spring's most eloquent reformer Political and party leadership · Czechoslovakia state institutions 1911–1974
Jiří Hájek Jiří Hájek A diplomat who turned international law into a language of civic rights Diplomacy and international organization · Czechoslovakia state institutions 1913–1993
József Szilágyi Szilágyi József Refused to cooperate at his show trial: tried separately and hanged two months before Imre Nagy Government and administration · Hungary state institutions 1917–1958
Miklós Gimes Gimes Miklós Reform communist journalist executed alongside Imre Nagy Literature and arts · Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) 1917–1958
Pál Maléter Maléter Pál A soldier caught between negotiation and armed resistance Military command · Hungary state institutions 1917–1958
Viktor Vladimirovich Dementsev Виктор Владимирович Деменцев A fiscal realist who warned against abrupt prohibition Economy, finance and planning · Soviet Union state institutions 1918–2010
Ota Šik Ota Šik Czechoslovak economist who designed a 'third way' between plan and market Economy, finance and planning · Czechoslovakia state institutions 1919–2004
Alexander Dubček Alexander Dubček He dreamed of a human face, and was posted to the forestry service Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) 1921–1992
Oldřich Černík Oldřich Černík The miner's son and technocrat who led the Prague Spring government, then signed the Moscow Protocol under duress Government and administration · Czechoslovakia state institutions 1921–1994
Sándor Kopácsi Kopácsi Sándor A police chief who stood between state orders and guns aimed at the people Security, intelligence and policing · Hungary state institutions 1922–2001
Georgy Arkadyevich Arbatov Георгий Аркадьевич Арбатов The USSR's preeminent Americanist who built a think-tank on Arbat Street, not in Akademgorodok, and designed détente Scholarship and theory · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1923–2010
Wojciech Jaruzelski Wojciech Jaruzelski Poland's leader between martial law and the Round Table Political and party leadership · Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 1923–2014
Rezső Nyers Nyers Rezső A party leader who pushed market reform within socialism Political and party leadership · Hungary state institutions 1923–2018
Georgy Khosroevich Shakhnazarov Георгий Хосроевич Шахназаров Founder of Soviet political science and brains of perestroika's political reform Scholarship and theory · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1924–2001
Mieczysław Franciszek Rakowski Mieczysław Franciszek Rakowski Poland's last communist prime minister, rejected by voters in the 1989 election Political and party leadership · Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 1926–2008
Tadeusz Mazowiecki Tadeusz Mazowiecki Catholic intellectual of Solidarity who became the Eastern Bloc's first non-communist prime minister Government and administration · Poland state institutions 1927–2013
Tatyana Ivanovna Zaslavskaya Татьяна Ивановна Заславская Founder of Soviet economic sociology; her 1983 report lit the intellectual fuse of perestroika Scholarship and theory · Soviet Union state institutions 1927–2013
Stanisław Kania Stanisław Kania A party leader who lost power while seeking compromise Political and party leadership · Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 1927–2020
Victor Atanasie Stănculescu Victor Atanasie Stănculescu The Romanian general who switched sides on the morning of the revolution and brought down a dictator Military command · Romania state institutions 1928–2016
Ivan Timofeyevich Frolov Иван Тимофеевич Фролов The philosopher who gave perestroika its humanist foundations: from defending genetics to founding the science of Man Scholarship and theory · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1929–1999
Zdeněk Mlynář Zdeněk Mlynář A reform communist who sought to democratize socialism Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) 1930–1997
Leonid Ivanovich Abalkin Леонид Иванович Абалкин Chief economic theorist of late perestroika, architect of the 'regulated market' between radical reformers and conservative planners Economy, finance and planning · Soviet Union state institutions 1930–2011
Endel Teodorovich Lippmaa Endel Teodorovich Lippmaa The Estonian scientist who blocked phosphorite mining from inside the system Science and technology · Estonia state institutions 1930–2015
Ion Iliescu Ion Iliescu Ceaușescu's protégé who ordered his execution and led Romania's post-communist transition Political and party leadership · Romania state institutions 1930–2025
Vaino Iosipovich Väljas Vaino Väljas Recalled from Nicaragua in June 1988, he led Estonia's Communists through the sovereignty declaration, the first breach in the Soviet wall. Political and party leadership · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1931–2024
Abel Gezevich Aganbegyan Абел Гезевич Аганбегян Gorbachev's chief economic adviser and the market-reform architect of perestroika Scholarship and theory · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1932–
Algirdas Brazauskas Algirdas Brazauskas The communist who split his party from Moscow and became independent Lithuania's first president Political and party leadership · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1932–2010
Gyula Horn Horn Gyula Hungarian foreign minister who cut the Iron Curtain, and reform prime minister Diplomacy and international organization · Hungary state institutions 1932–2013
Arnold Vasilyevich Voylukov Арнольд Васильевич Войлуков The Soviet banker who testified about reform's hidden origins Economy, finance and planning · Russian Federation state institutions 1932–2016
Stanislav Sergeyevich Shatalin Станислав Сергеевич Шаталин Architect of the 500 Days programme, radical reform economist who tried to convert the Soviet planned economy to the market in one leap Economy, finance and planning · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1934–1997
Yuri Nikolayevich Afanasyev Юрий Николаевич Афанасьев The historian who called the conservative majority 'aggressively obedient' Scholarship and theory · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1934–2015
Tadeusz Rudolf Fiszbach Tadeusz Fiszbach A reform-minded party official caught between control and negotiation Political and party leadership · Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 1935–
Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov Гавриил Харитонович Попов Moscow's first elected mayor, who told the U.S. ambassador of the coming coup Government and administration · Russian Federation state institutions 1936–
Petar Mladenov Петър Младенов The diplomat who opened Bulgaria's post-Zhivkov transition Political and party leadership · Bulgaria state institutions 1936–2000
Anatoly Aleksandrovich Sobchak Анатолий Александрович Собчак Constitutional Assembly chairman and first elected mayor of Saint Petersburg Government and administration · Russian Federation state institutions 1937–2000
Zdzisław Kurowski Zdzisław Kurowski A party cadre shaped by the youth movement Political and party leadership · Poland state institutions 1937–
Abulfaz Gadirgulu oghlu Elchibey Əbülfəz Qədirqulu oğlu Elçibəy The pan-Turkist dissident who became Azerbaijan's first democratically elected president Political and party leadership · Azerbaijan state institutions 1938–2000
Zviad Konstantinovich Gamsakhurdia ზვიად კონსტანტინეს ძე გამსახურდია The nationalist dissident who became Georgia's first democratically elected president Political and party leadership 1939–1993
Romualdas Ozolas Romualdas Ozolas The Sąjūdis philosopher who launched the 2-million-signature campaign demanding Red Army withdrawal Political and party leadership · Sąjūdis (Reform Movement of Lithuania) 1939–2015
Marju Lauristin Marju Lauristin Sociologist raised within the Soviet system who became an intellectual pillar of the Baltic independence movement Social movements and organizing · Popular Front of Estonia (Rahvarinne) 1940–
Alexei Ivanovich Kazannik Алексей Иванович Казанник The law professor who surrendered his Supreme Soviet seat to Yeltsin in a moment that captivated the nation Law and justice 1941–2019
Harald Jäger Harald Jäger From border controller to the officer who ordered the Wall opened Security, intelligence and policing · East Germany state institutions 1943–
Kazimiera Danutė Prunskienė Kazimira Danutė Prunskienė She tried to negotiate independence through pragmatism; her resignation removed the last obstacle to the military option Government and administration · Lithuania state institutions 1943–2026

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