Anti-Comintern Pact
반코민테른 협정
The Anti-Comintern Pact was an international agreement concluded by Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan on 25 November 1936 against the Communist International. Publicly it provided for information exchange and joint defensive measures against Comintern activity, while a secret protocol directed cooperation specifically against the Soviet Union; Italy joined in 1937.
In depth
The public articles required the parties to exchange information on Comintern activity, consult on defensive measures, and recommend that threatened third states adopt similar measures or join. A secret additional protocol committed the parties to a common policy specifically directed against the Soviet Union. The pact therefore served both as a nominal defense agreement against international communism and as a diplomatic framework for German-Japanese anti-Soviet alignment. Italy joined in November 1937, and Hungary, Spain, and other states followed. Japan distanced itself from Germany after the 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact, while the 1940 Tripartite Pact shifted the alliance's declared primary threat toward the United States.
Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) (supports the pact's formation by Nazi Germany and Japan on 25 November 1936, secret anti-Soviet protocol, and Italy's accession in 1937)
- Wikipedia (RU) (supports the Russian-language name, treaty purpose, articles, and subsequent accessions)
- avalon.law.yale.edu (Yale Avalon document collection listing the 25 November 1936 German-Japanese agreement, supplementary Anti-Comintern protocol, and 6 November 1937 three-power protocol)
- britannica.com (supports the dates, participants, ostensible anti-Comintern purpose, and implied anti-Soviet orientation)