Baden Revolution (1848–1849)
바덴 혁명 (1848–1849)
The revolution in the Grand Duchy of Baden from the Mannheim people's assembly of February 1848 to the fall of Rastatt on 23 July 1849. Its three high points were the Hecker uprising of April 1848, Struve's Lörrach rising of September 1848 and the Baden rising of May 1849 within the Imperial Constitution campaign. The German revolution began and ended in Baden, where the demand for a democratic republic was pressed most consistently.
In depth
After the Rastatt garrison mutinied on 11 May 1849 and Grand Duke Leopold fled, a provisional government under Lorenz Brentano took office on 1 June. The revolutionary army under Mierosławski was beaten at Waghäusel on 21–22 June, and after a three-week siege Rastatt surrendered on 23 July. Courts martial carried out death sentences from July to October; German Wikipedia counts 23 executed, English Wikipedia 27. About 80,000 people, some five percent of the population, left Baden.
Engels fought as aide-de-camp in Willich's volunteer corps and Wilhelm Liebknecht as Struve's adjutant. Among the exiles Struve, Hecker and Carl Schurz continued their political and military careers in the United States.