Coup of June 3, 1907 (Tretyeiyunskiy perevorot)
6·3 쿠데타 (트레티예이윤스키 페레보로트)
On June 3, 1907 (O.S.), the Russian Empire forcibly dissolved the Second State Duma and unilaterally rewrote the electoral law. Tsar Nicholas II and the Stolypin cabinet altered the electoral system without the Duma's consent, violating Article 87 of the Fundamental Laws in what amounted to a constitutional coup. Widely regarded as the endpoint of the 1905 Revolution, the new electoral law shifted representation decisively toward landowners and the wealthy, producing a conservative majority in the Third Duma.
Sources
- Wikipedia (RU) Russian Wikipedia: detailed account of the coup, its background in the constitutional crisis between the Duma and the Stolypin government, the pretext (the Social Democratic deputies and the 'soldiers' mandate'), the dissolution on June 3, 1907, the simultaneous enactment of the new electoral law in violation of Article 87 of the Fundamental Laws, and its significance as the end of the 1905 Revolution.
- Wikipedia (EN) English Wikipedia: the dissolution of the Second Duma, arrest of RSDLP deputies, the Electoral Law of 1907 drafted by Kryzhanovsky shifting dominance to landowners and Great Russians, the dubious legality and the term 'coup d'état', and the successful production of a conservative Third Duma.
- prlib.ru Президентская библиотека (Presidential Library of Russia): confirms the event is known as 'Третьеиюньский переворот,' details the new electoral law giving landowners and the big bourgeoisie two-thirds of electors, disenfranchising Central Asian and other national-minority peoples entirely, and stripping worker and peasant electors of the right to choose deputies directly.
- encyclopedia.com Encyclopedia.com (Fundamental Laws of 1906): confirms that Nicholas II's dissolution of the Second Duma on June 3, 1907 and the simultaneous alteration of the electoral law 'was a violation of the Fundamental Laws, because the new electoral law was not presented to the legislative institutions.'