Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets
제5차 전러시아 소비에트 대회
The congress of soviets held at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow on 4 to 10 July 1918. While the Left SRs were attacking the Bolshevik government's grain policy and the Brest peace, the assassination of Mirbach and the Left SR uprising broke out on 6 July. Resuming after the suppression, the congress resolved to expel backers of the revolt from the soviets and adopted the first Soviet constitution.
In depth
Why were the clashes at the congress so fierce?
The Left SRs expected to win a majority on the back of rural anger at requisitioning. But the delegates turned out to be 745 to 773 Bolsheviks against 352 or 353 Left SRs. The Left SRs objected to a scale of representation of one delegate per 125,000 in the country and one per 25,000 in the towns, and to delegates of doubtful standing. On 5 July Boris Kamkov promised to sweep the requisition detachments and committees of the poor out of the villages, and Maria Spiridonova called the Bolsheviks traitors to the revolution. Lenin's speech was broken up by shouts of "Mirbach!" When their motion of no confidence and denunciation of the Brest treaty was defeated, the Left SRs walked out.
How did the revolt change the congress?
On the evening of 6 July, after the Bolshevik delegates had been called out, about 450 Left SR delegates were held inside the theatre. The congress resumed on 9 July, after the suppression, and Trotsky reported. On 10 July it resolved that the assassination had been part of a conspiracy to transfer power by armed rising and decided to expel from the soviets the Left SRs who backed their Central Committee's adventure. About 200 Left SR delegates came back declaring against their party's policy. The same day the congress adopted the first constitution of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.