Four Power Agreement on Berlin (1971)
베를린 4국 협정
The Four Power Agreement on Berlin was concluded by the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France on 3 September 1971 to regulate the status and access of West Berlin. It improved transit and communications while leaving the parties' divergent legal positions on West Berlin's relationship with West Germany unresolved, entered into force on 3 June 1972, and became one of the institutional foundations of détente.
In depth
The agreement reaffirmed the continuing rights and responsibilities of the four victorious powers for Berlin and Germany as a whole, but deliberately did not settle West Berlin's ultimate political and legal status. It combined language that the Western Sectors were not a constituent part of West Germany and were not governed by it with language calling for their ties with West Germany to be maintained and developed, thereby containing opposed interpretations. Practical arrangements on West German representation, road, rail, and water transit, and West Berlin residents' movement through the GDR were connected to subsequent inter-German agreements. A U.S. State Department memorandum records that the Western side used the prospect of a Conference on European Security and ratification of the FRG's Moscow treaty as negotiating leverage.
Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) : 1971년 9월 3일 합의, 1972년 6월 3일 발효, 베를린의 통행·연락 개선과 데탕트에서의 역할
- Wikipedia (RU) : 서방 3국과 소련의 서명, 서베를린의 지위·통행 문제, 1972년 발효
- history.state.gov : 미국 국무부 사료가 협정 초안의 목적을 서베를린 생활 개선, 통신·접근 촉진, 유럽안보회의 가능성과 연결하고 협상상의 지위 해석 문제를 기록