hostage-execution policy
독일군 인질 처형 정책
A policy of the German occupation authorities that designated political prisoners and people associated with the resistance as hostages, then executed them in reprisal for attacks and to intimidate the population. It was systematized by Keitel's September 1941 directive and the hostage code of 28 September, and in France was exemplified by the executions at Châteaubriant, Nantes, and Mont-Valérien.
In depth
As resistance attacks increased in summer 1941, the German military made hostage execution a central instrument. The 16 September order called for killing 50 to 100 hostages for each German death, while the 28 September code prioritized communists, anarchists, propagandists, and people linked to sabotage. The October executions were major examples of the policy against the French left and Resistance.
Sources
- fr.wikipedia.org (1941년 인질 정책과 9월 28일 인질 규정, 샤토브리앙·낭트·파리 처형)
- sciencespo.fr (1941년 가을 인질 규정이 보복 처형의 규칙과 희생자 선정을 체계화한 사실)
- nuremberg.law.harvard.edu (케이텔의 1941년 9월 16일 인질 처형 명령)