Hunchun Agreement (1886)
훈춘 협정 (1886)
The Hunchun Agreement was an 1886 Qing-Russian boundary-demarcation instrument concerning the lower Tumen River and its mouth. The agreement and its accompanying map were presented in the 1938 Khasan dispute as support for the Soviet claim that the Zaozernaya Heights lay on Soviet territory.
In depth
The agreement operationalised the frontier established by the 1860 Treaty of Peking by marking it on the ground and clarifying arrangements around the lower Tumen River. Qing representative Wu Dacheng and the Russian representative established a boundary marker in the Fangchuan area, while later Russian/Soviet and Chinese/Japanese readings of the line diverged. During the Khasan dispute, the Soviet side relied on the agreement and map to argue that the Zaozernaya and Bezymyannaya Heights were inside Soviet territory, a claim contested by Japan and Manchukuo.
Sources
- Wikipedia (RU) : 1938년 하산 분쟁에서 소련이 훈춘 협정 문서와 지도를 제시해 자오저르나야와 베즈먀나야 고지가 소련 영토라고 주장한 사실을 뒷받침한다.
- drbenjaminhabib.com : 1886년 중러 국경 조약이 팡촨 삼국 접경 표지와 두만강 하구의 중국 선박 통행권과 관련됨을 뒷받침한다.