Ideological State Apparatus

이데올로기적 국가장치

A concept formalized by Louis Althusser in his 1970 essay 'Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses,' designating the ensemble of social institutions (schools, churches, the family, media, culture, political parties) that reproduce ruling-class hegemony not through physical violence but through the dissemination of ideology. Althusser distinguished ISAs from Repressive State Apparatuses (RSAs) such as the police, army, and courts, while insisting both ultimately serve the reproduction of capitalist relations of production. Under modern capitalism, he argued, the educational ISA has supplanted the church as the preeminent apparatus, training students as class-divided labor power and inducing them to 'freely' internalize ruling ideology.