Jupiter missile (PGM-19)
주피터 미사일
A U.S. single-stage, liquid-fueled medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) developed in the late 1950s, carrying a 1.44 Mt W49 thermonuclear warhead with a range of approximately 2,400 km. Designed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency under Wernher von Braun and built by Chrysler, 30 were deployed to Italy and 15 to sites near İzmir, Turkey in 1961, placing Moscow within striking distance. Khrushchev explicitly cited the Turkish Jupiters as the provocation that motivated the Soviet missile deployment to Cuba; under the secret deal resolving the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, they were withdrawn in 1963.
Related historical events
Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) full development history, deployment, specifications, and withdrawal timeline
- Wikipedia (RU) Russian-language article confirming deployment in Italy and Turkey, range, warhead, and role in provoking the Cuban Missile Crisis
- missilethreat.csis.org CSIS Missile Threat: specifications (2,400 km range, W-49 1.44 MT warhead), Italian and Turkish deployments, and removal as part of Cuban Missile Crisis settlement
- europebetweeneastandwest.wordpress.com detailed account of Jupiter deployment at Çiğli Air Base near İzmir, Khrushchev's public rationale, and the secret Kennedy-Khrushchev deal for their removal