Krasnaya Gorka mutiny
크라스나야 고르카 반란
The anti-Soviet revolt raised on 13 June 1919 at Fort Krasnaya Gorka, on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland west of Petrograd, by the fort commander Nikolai Neklyudov and other former officers. The neighbouring Seraya Loshad battery joined, and the mutineers shelled Kronstadt and the Baltic Fleet with the fort's 12-inch guns while calling on Yudenich's Whites and the British squadron for help. Baltic Fleet bombardment and an advance by the 7th Army retook the fort on 15 and 16 June.
In depth
When the White Northern Corps advanced from Estonia in May 1919 the forts came close to the front, and on 12 June the 1st and 2nd Kronstadt and 105th Rifle Regiments covering the approaches went over to the Whites. Early on the 13th Neklyudov arrested the Communists of the garrison. The Soviet side saw the hand of the underground "National Centre" and British intelligence, and post-Soviet research also points to Socialist Revolutionary sailors. At Fort Obruchev across the gulf the garrison locked up its own commanders, so the revolt did not spread there.
The battleships Petropavlovsk and Andrei Pervozvanny shelled the fort while sailors and Red Army units moved up along the coast. Admiral Cowan's British squadron had no orders to land and did not move, and Yudenich's headquarters heard of the revolt only as it ended. An armoured train entered the fort first on the night of the 15th, and the mutineers shot many of the Communists they held as they withdrew. The number of mutineers executed afterwards differs widely, about 90 in the Russian source and about 600 in the English one. From the late 1920s Soviet historiography gave the credit to Stalin, then in Petrograd, while current research gives more weight to the Baltic Fleet command and Zinoviev's Petrograd Soviet.