Kronstadt refugees in Finland
핀란드의 크론시타트 피란민
The group of roughly 8,000 rebels who crossed the frozen Gulf of Finland into Finland after the suppression of the Kronstadt Rebellion in March 1921. Finnish authorities received them as refugees, and some later returned to Soviet Russia following an amnesty.
In depth
A substantial part of the Kronstadt rebel force crossed the ice to the Finnish frontier on 17–18 March 1921, escaping the Red Army assault and the prospect of punishment. Paul Avrich estimates the exodus at about 8,000, mostly sailors. The refugees were accommodated and assigned work in places including Terijoki, becoming one of the early large refugee problems faced by the new Finnish state. After the Soviet government proclaimed an amnesty later in 1921, some returned, though not all refugees did so.
Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) : 약 8,000명의 반란자들이 크론시타트 함락 직후 하루 안에 얼음을 건너 핀란드로 피신했고, 이후 사면과 귀환의 맥락을 지원함
- manifesto-library.espivblogs.net : 폴 애브리치의 연구서로, 24시간 동안 약 8,000명이 핀란드 국경을 넘어간 사실과 핀란드 내 피란민 수용 및 후속 상황을 지원함
- Marxists Internet Archive : 레닌의 제10차 당대회 연설에서 크론시타트 사건의 정치적 교훈과 사면·정책 전환이 논의된 맥락을 지원함