Kuban–Novorossiysk operation
쿠반-노보로시스크 작전
The operation of 3 to 27 March 1920 in which the Red Caucasian Front under Tukhachevsky struck the remnants of the Armed Forces of South Russia in the Kuban and on the Black Sea coast and took Yekaterinodar and Novorossiysk. It was the third and last stage of the North Caucasus operation that had begun on 17 January. On 26 and 27 March the Whites shipped only the Volunteer Corps and part of the Don Army from Novorossiysk to Crimea, and the Cossack units left behind fell back south along the coast.
In depth
After losing Rostov the Whites held on the Don and the Manych, and the Don–Manych operation of 17 January to 6 February brought the Reds only heavy losses. Shorin, commander of the South-Eastern Front, now renamed the Caucasian Front, was removed and Tukhachevsky took over on 4 February, with Ordzhonikidze, Gusev and Smilga among the members of its Revolutionary Military Council. In the Tikhoretsk operation of 14 February to 2 March the cavalry battle of Yegorlykskaya broke Pavlov's cavalry group, the main striking force of the Don Army, and the Reds reached the line of the Kagalnik, the upper Yeya and Stavropol. Under the general offensive opened on 3 March the Whites fell back south in haste, abandoning their trains and equipment. On the 16th and 17th the Reds reached the Kuban River and took Yekaterinodar, Armavir and Pyatigorsk, and on the 22nd the 1st Cavalry Army entered Maykop. The 8th and 9th Armies broke through the mountain positions where the Whites hoped to hold and, with partisans, entered Novorossiysk on the morning of the 27th. Only the Volunteer Corps and part of the Don Army reached Crimea in the Novorossiysk evacuation, while the main body of the Don Army retreated towards Tuapse and Sochi, where according to the Russian source some 20,000 of them surrendered at the end of April. On 4 April Denikin handed over the supreme command to Wrangel.