liberation and occupation of France
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This concept denotes the transition after Allied forces and the French Resistance liberated France from German occupation in 1944, when the restoration of French republican sovereignty intersected with Allied military control. Liberation was therefore not merely the end of a military operation, but a political transition involving the treatment of Vichy, the legitimacy of the provisional government, and France's postwar international position and occupation arrangements.
In depth
Restoration of sovereignty and Allied control
During the liberation, Charles de Gaulle's Provisional Government of the French Republic sought to prevent Allied military government from replacing French administration and asserted the legal continuity of the Republic. After Paris was liberated, the provisional government returned to the capital and pursued administrative reconstruction, the prosecution of collaborators, and the reworking of electoral and constitutional institutions. At the same time, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force civil-affairs functions and missions in France reveal the boundary between military operations and occupation administration.
The postwar order
France was a liberated country while also participating in Allied systems of occupation and control. Its effort to obtain an occupation zone in Germany and recover international standing resulted not only from military contribution, but also from the provisional government's claim to recognition as a sovereign state.
Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) (supports the restoration of French republican continuity, the GPRF's creation in June 1944, its effort to preserve sovereignty, and the post-liberation political settlement)
- fr.wikipedia.org (supports Free France's claim to state continuity and sovereignty, and its transition into the French liberation institutions)
- archives.gov (National Archives record guide documenting SHAEF missions in France and Allied military-government and civil-affairs structures, supporting the institutional dimension of Allied control)