погром · 1880s–early 20th c.

Pogrom

포그롬

A violent riot aimed at massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, most commonly applied to anti-Jewish attacks. Derived from the Russian verb gromit' ('to destroy'), the word entered global usage to describe the waves of anti-Jewish violence that swept the Russian Empire's Pale of Settlement from the 1880s onward. During the Russian Civil War (1918–1921), an estimated 1,500 pogroms in Ukraine alone killed between 35,000 and 250,000 Jews, perpetrated by White forces, Ukrainian nationalists, and some Red Army units. The term has since been extended to similar collective violence against other minority groups.

Related historical events

Sources

  1. Wikipedia (EN) historical definition, etymology from Russian громить, scope in Russian Empire and Civil War
  2. Wikipedia (EN) 1,500 pogroms in 1,300 localities; 35,000–250,000 Jewish dead; perpetrators across all armed forces
  3. quest-cdecjournal.it Quest journal (2019): pogroms of the Russian Civil War as a catastrophe second only to the Holocaust in Jewish history; contemporary witnesses used 'khurbn' (destruction) rather than 'pogrom'
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