Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries

According to the Ukrainian-language source, circles of the Ukrainian SRs existed in Simferopol, Odesa, Kyiv and elsewhere in 1905–1917, and the illegal organ Borotba (1913–1915) was published in Kyiv. An organising congress in 1907, attended by delegates from Taurida, Kherson, Poltava and other regions, resolved to found a party separate from the Russian one and elected a Central Committee, but repression after the 1905–1907 revolution halted activity in Dnieper Ukraine and led to a foreign central committee being formed in Galicia.

After the February Revolution the party was formally constituted as an all-Ukrainian party at its founding congress in Kyiv on 17–18 April 1917, which adopted a provisional programme and resolutions for territorial autonomy of Ukraine, the convocation of a Ukrainian Constituent Assembly and the nationalisation of land. Its leadership consisted mainly of students (Mykola Kovalevsky, Levko Kovaliv, Pavlo Khrystiuk and others), and Mykhailo Hrushevsky worked with the party. Thanks to the slogan "land to the people without compensation" it won 50 percent of all votes in Ukraine in the election to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, and the Ukrainian Peasant Union was wholly dependent on its leadership.

Under the Central Rada the party took part in Volodymyr Vynnychenko's government, and after the Fourth Universal of January 1918 an SR government headed by Vsevolod Holubovych was formed. Under the Hetmanate it worked illegally, and at its Fourth Congress in May 1918 it split into a left wing (the Borotbists), which favoured Soviet power and cooperation with the Bolsheviks, and a right wing, the so-called central current. The Borotbists renamed themselves the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries–Borotbists (Communists) in March 1919, while the central current helped overthrow the Hetmanate and supplied ministers to several governments under the Directorate.

At the end of 1919 some members emigrated to Czechoslovakia and Austria; Hrushevsky and others set up a foreign delegation in Vienna which from 1920 published the organ Boritesia – Poborete and sought reconciliation with Soviet Russia. In early 1921 the émigré organisation split into the pro-Soviet foreign delegation, the Prague group of Mykyta Shapoval and an organising committee in Vienna, which reunited in 1934 as a joint foreign Central Committee in Prague. After the Second World War the party resumed activity in emigration, took part in founding the Ukrainian National Council in 1948, and in 1950 merged with other socialist parties into the Ukrainian Socialist Party.