Vienna Awards
빈 중재
Two territorial arbitrations delivered by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy at the Belvedere Palace in Vienna. The First Award of 2 November 1938 transferred southern Slovakia and southern Ruthenia from Czechoslovakia to Hungary; the Second Award of 30 August 1940 transferred Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary.
In depth
Both awards were presided over by the German foreign minister Ribbentrop and the Italian foreign minister Ciano. The First Vienna Award was a direct consequence of the Munich Agreement and gave Hungary about 11,900 km² with some 870,000 inhabitants. The Second Vienna Award came after Hungarian–Romanian talks broke down and both armies massed on the border, and gave Hungary the 43,492 km² of Northern Transylvania.
Hungary thus regained part of the lands lost at Trianon but was bound more tightly to Germany and Italy. Romanian villagers were massacred at Ip and Treznea as Hungarian troops marched in. All the territory gained by the two awards was returned after the Second World War.