Young Italy
청년 이탈리아
The secret Italian political society founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in exile at Marseille in July 1831. It sought to unite Italy as "one, free, independent, republican nation" through a general insurrection in the reactionary Italian states and the lands occupied by Austria, under the mottos "God and the People" and "Union, Strength and Liberty".
In depth
Members swore to make Italy a free, independent republic, and by 1833 the society counted some 60,000. That year a plot for a rising in Piedmont was discovered: twelve were executed and Mazzini was sentenced to death in absentia, and the invasion of Savoy in 1834 also failed. Garibaldi, who had joined around 1833, was sentenced to death for that rising and fled to South America. The society re-emerged in England in 1838, but the risings of the 1840s in Sicily, the Abruzzi, Romagna and Bologna and the Bandiera brothers' expedition of 1844 all failed.
Mazzini founded Young Europe (1834), linking it with movements such as Young Germany and Young Poland. One account says that during the war of 1848 he dissolved Young Italy so as not to hinder the war of liberation. The movement was effectively spent after the failed Milan rising of 1853, and the lead in unification passed to the Savoy monarchy. Its name became a model for later national movements such as the Young Turks and Young Bosnia.