рабфак (рабочий факультет) · 1919–1940년대 초

라브파크 (노동자학부)

Rabfak (Workers' Faculty)

소비에트 러시아에서 1919년 도입되어 1940년대 초까지 운영된 예비 교육기관이다. 정규 학교 교육을 거의 받지 못한 노동자와 농민에게 고등교육 진학에 필요한 기초 학력을 단기간에 보충해 주었으며, 수료생은 입학시험 없이 대학에 진학할 수 있었다. 1929년 2월 전연방공산당 중앙위원회는 공과대학·기술학교·라브파크에서의 여학생 할당제에 관한 결정을 채택했고, 이에 따라 기술계 고등교육기관의 라브파크에는 여성을 위한 25% 정원이 설정되었다.

관련 역사 사건

출처

  1. 위키백과 (러시아어) comprehensive Russian Wikipedia article on rabfaks: origins in 1919 under M.N. Pokrovsky, Decree of Sovnarkom RSFSR of 17 September 1920 formalizing the system, growth to over 1,000 rabfaks with ~350,000 students by 1932/33, phasing out by the early 1940s; also notes that some вузы created preparatory departments in 1969 that were informally called rabfaks
  2. 위키백과 (영문) English Wikipedia article: syllabic abbreviation of Рабочий факультет, created by Mikhail Pokrovskii in March 1919, active until the 1940s, intended for adults who had received little formal schooling as fulfilment of revolutionary promises of upward social mobility
  3. docs.historyrussia.org bibliographic record of the 22 February 1929 VKP(b) Central Committee resolution 'On the Reservation for Girls in VTUZy, Technicums, and Rabfaks,' published in Izvestiia TsK VKP(b) No. 7, 20 March 1929; the resolution established a броня (reservation/quota) system for women in technical higher education, technicums, and rabfaks
  4. scientia.global Ingrid Miethe, 'The Workers' Faculty: The Globalisation of Soviet Education,' Scientia Global: traces the rabfak model from 1919 Soviet Russia through its spread to Eastern Europe, China, Vietnam, North Korea, Cuba, and Mozambique; details the rabfak as an accelerated university-preparatory institution for workers and peasants
  5. soviethistory.msu.edu Mikhail Pokrovskii's 11 September 1919 Narkompros directive 'Regarding Organization of Workers' Faculties at Universities': the foundational document establishing rabfaks as autonomous remedial training institutions to prepare workers and peasants for higher education in the shortest possible time
  6. museum.spbstu.ru St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Museum: centenary article on rabfaks noting that of 98 rabfak graduates in 1925, only 6 were women; documents the early gender imbalance that the 1929 quota was designed to address
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