Skip to content
People of the Revolution and the USSR
Activity
Affiliation
Position
Citizenship
Background
Era(set)
People of the Soviet Union
People of the Chinese revolution and the People’s Republic
People of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era
People of the wider world
-
Volodymyr Vynnychenko Володимир Винниченко
Ukrainian Social Democratic writer who led the Rada's General Secretariat and the Directory
Government and administration · Ukrainian People's Republic
1880–1951
-
Walter Lyman Brown Walter Lyman Brown
The relief administrator who turned aid into diplomacy
Diplomacy and international organization · American Relief Administration (ARA)
1880–1955
-
George C. Catlett Marshall George C. Marshall
The only American to head the Army, the State Department, and the Pentagon, organizer of Allied victory and architect of the Marshall Plan
Military command · United States state institutions
1880–1959
-
Henry Beeuwkes Henry Beeuwkes
The physician who organized medical relief amid famine
Science and technology
1880–1959
-
István Haller Haller István
Christian Socialist politician who, as minister of religion and education, prepared and tabled the numerus clausus bill of 1920
Government and administration · Hungary
1880–1964
-
Reginald Drax Reginald Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax
A naval reformer sent to negotiate without authority
Military command · United Kingdom state institutions
1880–1967
-
Waldemar Pabst Waldemar Pabst
Freikorps officer who ordered the murders of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht in January 1919 and joined the Kapp Putsch
Military command · Germany state institutions
1880–1970
-
Enver Pasha İsmail Enver Paşa
War minister among the Three Pashas who took the Ottomans into the war and was a main perpetrator of the Armenian genocide
Military command · Turkey state institutions
1881–1922
-
Edvard Gylling Edvard Gylling
Finnish socialist who was Red Finland’s commissar of finance and later headed the government of Soviet Karelia
Government and administration · Soviet Union
1881–1938
-
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Gallipoli commander who led the national movement and founded the Republic of Turkey as its first president
Political and party leadership · Turkey state institutions
1881–1938
-
Władysław Sikorski Władysław Sikorski
A general who defended Polish sovereignty between exile and return
Military command · Poland
1881–1943
-
Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer Keresztes-Fischer Ferenc
Conservative ally of Bethlen who as interior minister twice used the police to hold down radical movements of left and right
Government and administration · Hungary
1881–1948
-
Henrik Werth Werth Henrik
Chief of the Hungarian General Staff who was the strongest advocate of alliance with Germany and of war on the Soviet Union
Military command · Hungary
1881–1952
-
Evgeni Gegechkori ევგენი გეგეჭკორი
Menshevik politician who chaired the Transcaucasian Commissariat and became foreign minister of the Democratic Republic of Georgia
Diplomacy and international organization · Georgia state institutions
1881–1954
-
Maximilian von Weichs Maximilian von Weichs
German field marshal who commanded the Stalingrad offensive
Military command · Germany state institutions
1881–1954
-
Károly Peyer Peyer Károly
Hungarian Social Democratic and trade-union leader who won legal status for his party in the Bethlen–Peyer Pact of 1921
Legislature and state representation · Hungary
1881–1956
-
Robert Grimm Robert Grimm
Swiss socialist who organised the Zimmerwald anti-war conference of 1915 and chaired the International Socialist Commission
Social movements and organizing
1881–1958
-
William Z. Zebulon Foster William Zebulon Foster
From leading the Great Steel Strike of 1919 to longest-serving leader of American communism
Political and party leadership · Communist Party USA (CPUSA)
1881–1961
-
Otozō Yamada 山田乙三
The Imperial Army's final Kwantung Army commander
Military command · Japan state institutions
1881–1965
-
Väinö Alfred Tanner Väinö Alfred Tanner
The Social Democratic realist who faced Stalin as Finland's Winter War foreign minister, rising from the cooperative movement
Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Finland
1881–1966
-
Heinrich Brandler Heinrich Brandler
KPD chairman who called off a revolution; co-founder of the International Right Opposition
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1881–1967
-
Zigmas Angarietis Zigmas Angarietis
Interior commissar of Soviet Lithuania, a Lithuanian communist leader killed in the Great Terror
Security, intelligence and policing · Lithuania state institutions
1882–1940
-
Franklin D. Delano Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt
The only four-term president, who carried America through depression and war and spent his last strength at Yalta
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1882–1945
-
Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum Всеволод Михайлович Эйхенбаум
Russian anarchist intellectual who theorized anarchist synthesis and chronicled the revolution the Bolsheviks suppressed
Ideology and propaganda · Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (Makhnovists)
1882–1945
-
Alexander Moiseyevich Schapiro Александр Моисеевич Шапиро
The behind-the-scenes organizer who wove international anarcho-syndicalism from Amsterdam 1907 to the IWMA
Social movements and organizing
1882–1946
-
Ion Antonescu Ion Antonescu
The Conducător who took Romania into the Axis war against the Soviet Union and ordered the killings in Transnistria, executed at Jilava in 1946
Government and administration · Romania
1882–1946
-
Wilhelm Keitel Wilhelm Keitel
German general who headed the Wehrmacht High Command and was complicit in Nazi war crimes.
Military command · Germany state institutions
1882–1946
-
Kâzım Karabekir Kâzım Karabekir
Eastern Front commander of the Turkish War of Independence who invaded Armenia in 1920 and imposed the Treaty of Alexandropol
Military command · Turkey state institutions
1882–1948
-
Georgi Mihaylov Dimitrov Георги Михайлов Димитров
From Leipzig defendant to Comintern General Secretary
Diplomacy and international organization · Comintern
1882–1949
-
Yoshijirō Umezu 梅津美治郎
The army chief caught between imperial command and surrender
Military command · Japan state institutions
1882–1949
-
Petre Dumitrescu Petre Dumitrescu
Romania's commander on the Eastern Front
Military command · Romania
1882–1950
-
Shigenori Tōgō 東郷茂徳
A diplomat who sought peace after failing to prevent war
Diplomacy and international organization · Japan state institutions
1882–1950
-
Vincas Krėvė-Mickevičius Vincas Krėvė-Mickevičius
Lithuanian writer who led the “People’s Government” of 1940 and resigned after Molotov told him the Baltic states would join the USSR
Government and administration · Lithuania state institutions
1882–1954
-
Sylvia Pankhurst Sylvia Pankhurst
Left communist who broke from her mother's WSPU to stand with East End working women, buried among Ethiopian patriots
Social movements and organizing · Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB)
1882–1960
-
Dušan Simović Душан Симовић
The soldier-premier caught between a coup and defeat
Military command · Yugoslavia
1882–1962
-
Hugh Dowding Hugh Dowding
Architect of integrated radar air defence
Military command · United Kingdom state institutions
1882–1970
-
Naotake Satō 佐藤尚武
The last Japanese ambassador to the USSR, who received Molotov's declaration of war
Diplomacy and international organization · Japan state institutions
1882–1971
-
William Seeds William Seeds
A British diplomat whose judgments narrowed as the Moscow negotiations closed in
Diplomacy and international organization · United Kingdom state institutions
1882–1973
-
Eugen Leviné Eugen Leviné
Communist who led the Bavarian Soviet Republic in 1919 and was shot after its fall
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1883–1919
-
Paul Levi Paul Levi
From Rosa Luxemburg's lawyer to KPD leader, his 'anti-putschism' took on Comintern adventurism
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1883–1930
-
Vaclau Lastouski Вацлаў Ластоўскі
Historian who headed the government of the Belarusian People’s Republic in exile, moved to Soviet Byelorussia and was executed
Government and administration · Belarus state institutions
1883–1938
-
Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz
Anti-Soviet partisan commander who moved from Estonia to Belarus, changing camps as he went
Military command · Russian Empire
1883–1940
-
Augustinas Voldemaras Augustinas Voldemaras
Lithuania's first prime minister, later leader of the far-right Iron Wolf
Government and administration · Lithuania state institutions
1883–1942
-
Fritz Platten Fritz Platten
Swiss communist who organised Lenin’s sealed-train journey in 1917 and sat on the Comintern’s founding presidium
Social movements and organizing · Independent activity
1883–1942
-
Henk Sneevliet Henk Sneevliet
The Dutch revolutionary who planted communist seeds in Indonesia and China, then fought both Stalinism and Nazism
Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI)
1883–1942
-
Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini
The dictator who turned fascism into state power
Political and party leadership · National Fascist Party (PNF)
1883–1945
-
Bertram Ramsay Bertram Home Ramsay
The naval commander who organized the Dunkirk evacuation
Military command · United Kingdom state institutions
1883–1945
-
Pierre Laval Pierre Laval
A republican politician who became an architect of Vichy collaboration
Government and administration · France state institutions
1883–1945
-
Rudolf Lüters Rudolf Lüters
Wehrmacht general who directed anti-Partisan operations
Military command · Germany state institutions
1883–1945
-
Döme Sztójay Sztójay Döme
Soldier-diplomat who pushed for the German alliance in Berlin and, as prime minister under occupation, sped up the Jewish deportations
Government and administration · Hungary
1883–1946