Skip to content
People of the Revolution and the USSR
Activity
Affiliation
Position(set)
Citizenship
Background
Era
People of the Soviet Union
People of the Chinese revolution and the People’s Republic
People of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era
People of the wider world
-
Yevhen Mykhailovych Konovalets Євген Михайлович Коновалець
Ukrainian nationalist leader who commanded the Sich Riflemen and built the UVO and OUN
Military command · Ukrainian People's Republic
1891–1938
-
Tadamichi Kuribayashi 栗林忠道
The Iwo Jima commander who understood American power
Military command · Japan state institutions
1891–1945
-
Walter Model Walter Model
Hitler's "fireman" who rushed from crisis to crisis on the Eastern Front, the Wehrmacht's most tenacious defensive commander
Military command · Germany state institutions
1891–1945
-
Béla Imrédy Imrédy Béla
Prime minister who swung Hungary towards Germany and drafted the Second Jewish Law, then fell over his own Jewish ancestry
Government and administration · Hungary
1891–1946
-
Helmuth Weidling Helmuth Weidling
The final Berlin commander of a collapsing Reich
Military command · Germany state institutions
1891–1955
-
Napoleon Zervas Ναπολέων Ζέρβας
A military leader between wartime resistance and anti-communist politics
Military command
1891–1957
-
Karl Dönitz Karl Dönitz
German naval commander of the U-boat fleet who briefly became head of state after Hitler's death.
Military command · Germany state institutions
1891–1980
-
Hjalmar Fridolf Siilasvuo Hjalmar Fridolf Siilasvuo
Finnish Jäger lieutenant general who destroyed two Soviet divisions at Suomussalmi with motti tactics
Military command · Finland state institutions
1892–1947
-
Radola Gajda Radola Gajda
A legion commander who carried battlefield success into White politics
Military command · Czechoslovakia
1892–1948
-
Francisco Franco Francisco Franco
The general who turned the rising into victory and ruled Spain for thirty-six years as Caudillo
Military command · Spain state institutions
1892–1975
-
Haile Selassie I ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ
Moderniser and anti-fascist icon who never touched the land order that finally undid his dynasty
Monarchs and royalty · Ethiopia
1892–1975
-
Edward Mallory Almond Edward Mallory Almond
A U.S. general whose offensive command was bound to racial prejudice
Military command · United States state institutions
1892–1979
-
Draža Mihailović Драгољуб Михаиловић
A Serbian nationalist commander who sought to restore the monarchy
Military command · Yugoslavia
1893–1946
-
Hermann Göring Hermann Göring
A Luftwaffe chief who organized Nazi war and plunder
Political and party leadership · Nazi party and regime
1893–1946
-
Allen Dulles Allen Dulles
The American intelligence official who institutionalized covert war
Security, intelligence and policing · United States state institutions
1893–1969
-
Ronald Scobie Ronald MacKenzie Scobie
The British general who commanded the Battle of Athens
Military command · United Kingdom state institutions
1893–1969
-
Konstantinos Maniadakis Κωνσταντίνος Μανιαδάκης
Architect of the dictatorship's security apparatus
Security, intelligence and policing · Greece state institutions
1893–1972
-
Oliver P. Smith Oliver Prince Smith
A Marine commander whose caution helped save a surrounded division
Military command · United States state institutions
1893–1977
-
Hans von Manteuffel-Szoege Hans Freiherr von Manteuffel-Szoege
Baltic Landeswehr strike-troop commander who led the Liepāja coup and fell at Riga
Military command
1894–1919
-
Dietrich von Hugo Hermann Choltitz Dietrich von Choltitz
The German general who surrendered Paris rather than destroy it
Military command · Nazi party and regime
1894–1966
-
Stefan Rowecki Stefan Paweł Rowecki
An underground commander who grasped Tempest's political conditions
Military command · Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK)
1895–1944
-
Oskar Dirlewanger Oskar Dirlewanger
SS special-unit commander implicated in the Wola massacre
Military command · Nazi party and regime
1895–1945
-
László Endre Endre László
Interior Ministry state secretary who in 1944 ran the ghettoisation and deportation of Hungary’s Jews with László Baky
Government and administration · Hungary
1895–1946
-
Antoni None Chruściel Antoni Chruściel
The Home Army commander who organized and launched the uprising
Military command · Poland
1895–1960
-
Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski
The Home Army commander whose decision led to both the uprising and its surrender
Military command · Poland
1895–1966
-
Fyodor Ivanovich Trukhin Фёдор Иванович Трухин
A staff general who turned from Soviet command to an anti-Soviet armed organisation
Military command · Soviet Union
1896–1946
-
Mark W. Clark Mark W. Clark
An Allied commander caught between military gains and civilian cost
Military command · United States state institutions
1896–1984
-
Ferenc Szálasi Szálasi Ferenc
Arrow Cross leader installed by Germany as 'Leader of the Nation' in 1944
Political and party leadership · Hungary
1897–1946
-
Paavo Talvela Paavo Talvela
Mannerheim's secret envoy to Berlin who brokered the German-Finnish military pact that led to the Continuation War
Military command · Finland state institutions
1897–1973
-
Jacques Doriot Jacques Doriot
The Saint-Denis Communist who demanded the popular front first and ended a fascist
Political and party leadership · French Communist Party (PCF)
1898–1945
-
László Baky Baky László
Gendarmerie officer turned National Socialist who as state secretary for the interior in 1944 ran the deportation of Jews with László Endre
Government and administration · Hungary
1898–1946
-
Henri Navarre Henri Navarre
Last commander of the French Far East Expeditionary Corps, who chose to fortify Điện Biên Phủ and met defeat there in 1954
Military command · France state institutions
1898–1983
-
Raoul Salan Raoul Salan
French commander in the First Indochina War and leader of the OAS.
Military command · France state institutions
1899–1984
-
Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Himmler
A principal architect of the Nazi racial state
Security, intelligence and policing · Nazi party and regime
1900–1945
-
Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff
A senior Nazi SS coordinator who became a late-war negotiating envoy
Security, intelligence and policing · Nazi party and regime
1900–1984
-
Ngô Đình Diệm Ngô Đình Diệm
Politician who became State of Vietnam premier in 1954, ousted Bảo Đại and was South Vietnam’s first president until killed in 1963
Government and administration · Vietnam
1901–1963
-
Fulgencio Batista Fulgencio Batista
A Cuban ruler who shifted between electoral legitimacy and military power
Government and administration · Cuba
1901–1973
-
Masanobu Tsuji 辻政信
The Kwantung Army staff officer whose Border Defense Guide sparked the Nomonhan Incident
Military command · Japan state institutions
1902–1961
-
Christian de Castries Christian de Castries
French general who commanded the Điện Biên Phủ fortress in 1954 and was captured when it fell
Military command · France state institutions
1902–1991
-
Heinz Reinefarth Heinz Reinefarth
The SS general who commanded the repression of the Warsaw Uprising
Military command · Nazi party and regime
1903–1979
-
George F. Kennan George F. Kennan
The American diplomat and historian whose 1946 Long Telegram and X article laid the intellectual foundations of containment
Scholarship and theory
1904–2005
-
Curtis E. LeMay Curtis LeMay
The Air Force general who firebombed Japan and urged nuclear war on his adversaries
Military command · United States state institutions
1906–1990
-
Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson
A Cold War president caught between reform and war
Government and administration · United States state institutions
1908–1973
-
Otto Skorzeny Otto Skorzeny
A Nazi commando leader magnified by propaganda
Military command · Nazi party and regime
1908–1975
-
Edward Geary Lansdale Edward Lansdale
The Mongoose architect whose six-phase Cuba overthrow plan convinced the Soviets invasion was coming
Security, intelligence and policing · United States state institutions
1908–1987
-
René Bousquet René Bousquet
Vichy police chief who negotiated with the occupier
Security, intelligence and policing · France state institutions
1909–1993
-
Son Sann សឺន សាន
Cambodian anti-communist resistance leader
Political and party leadership
1911–2000
-
Ronald Wilson Reagan Ronald Reagan
The Cold War's last American president, who genuinely believed in nuclear abolition but would not yield on SDI
Political and party leadership · United States state institutions
1911–2004
-
Béla Király Király Béla
The general and contested witness of 1956
Military command · Hungary
1912–2009
-
Nol Lon លន់ នល់
Cambodian military officer and politician who led the Khmer Republic as prime minister and president
Military command · Cambodia state institutions
1913–1985