Acmeism
아크메이즘
A 1910s Russian modernist poetic movement that rejected Symbolism's mysticism and vagueness in favor of linguistic precision, concrete imagery, and poetic craftsmanship. Founded by Nikolay Gumilev and Sergey Gorodetsky, its core members included Anna Akhmatova and Osip Mandelstam. The name derives from the Greek akmē ('peak' or 'zenith'), and the acmeists treated poetry as the work of a skilled craftsman rather than a mystical revelation. The movement dissolved after Gumilev was executed by the Cheka in 1921 and Mandelstam and Akhmatova faced Soviet persecution, but their surviving body of work ranks among the most celebrated in Russian literature.
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- Wikipedia (EN) Acmeism emerged c. 1911–1912 under Gumilev and Gorodetsky, emphasizing compactness of form and clarity of expression; key poets included Mandelstam, Gumilev, Akhmatova, Kuzmin, Ivanov.
- Wikipedia (RU) The program was first publicly announced on 19 December 1912 at the Stray Dog cabaret in Petersburg; the term was advanced in 1912 by Gumilev and Gorodetsky as a direction succeeding Symbolism.
- sites.ualberta.ca University of Alberta Silver Age of Russian Poetry project: the Acmeists reacted against Symbolism to 'bring the art form back down to earth,' treating poets as skilled human beings rather than prophets; key poets were Gumilev, Akhmatova, and Mandelstam.